ABSTRACT
Bioactive glasses are silicate-based and can form a strong chemical bond with the tissues. These biomaterials are highly biocompatible and can form a hydroxyapatite layer when implanted in the body or soaked in the simulated body fluid. Due to several disadvantages, conventional glass processing method including melting of glass components, is replaced by sol-gel method with a large number of benefits such as low processing temperature, higher purity and homogeneity and therefore better control of bioactivity. Bioactive glasses have a wide range of applications, particularly in dentistry. These glasses can be used as particulates or monolithic shapes and porous or dense constructs in different applications such as remineralization or hypersensitivity treatment. Some properties of bioactive glasses such as antibacterial properties can be promoted by adding different elements into the glass. Bioactive glasses can also be used to modify different biocompatible materials that need to be bioactive. This study reviews the significant developments of bioactive glasses in clinical application, especially dentistry. Furthermore, we will discuss the field of bioactive glasses from beginning to the current developments, which includes processing methods, applications, and properties of these glasses
ABSTRACT
In many countries, especially in developing countries, diarrheal diseases are among the most important causes of mortality. In these countries, due to availability of transfer conditions of parasitic infections, [pathogenic and non-pathogenic parasite] the prevalence of these disorders is high. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of parasites causing diarrhea in Gorgan. This cross-sectional study was performed on 1086 patients with acute diarrhea using wet-mount method and formalin-ether concentration test, according to WHO protocol. of 1086, 197 [18.1%] are infected with intestinal parasites, 141 [13%] with Protozoa and 79 [7.27%] with intestinal worms. The prevalence, using wet-mount method, of Entamoeba histolytica is 69 [6.4%], Giardia lamblia is 27 [2.5%], entamoeba coli is 15 [1.4%] and chilomastix mesnili is 8 [0.7%]. With formalin-ether method, Hymenolepis nana in 26 [2.4%], Trichostrongylus in 16 [1.5%], Enterobius vermicularis in 10 [0.9%] are observed. The high prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica shows the leading role of this parasite in causing acute diarrhea. Having knowledge about epidemiology and applying rapid diagnostic procedures can be helpful to promote public health
ABSTRACT
Sesame seeds contain large amounts of antioxidants and phytoestrogens, and it has been shown that the leaf extract of this plant may have some beneficial effects on the reproductive parameters of male rats. Thus we tested the effects of the sesame oil on these parameters of re productivity in male rats. Fifteen mature male Wistar male rats were divided into the control and sesame oil groups. For eight weeks the control and sesame oil groups were fed the basic rat diet and basic rat diet supplemented with 5% sesame oil respectively. Following blood collection and euthanasia the epididymal sperm were counted, the morphology of testes was accessed, and leydig, sertoli, spermatogonia and spermatocyts cells were counted in histological sections of the testes. The level of testosterone and estradiol 17-beta were measured. Consumption of 5% sesame oil compared to control group, decreased blood glucose and increased the epididymal sperm count and progressive motility and the number of spermatogonia of seminiferous tubule [P<0.05], but had no effect on weight and testicular morphology. This study showed that the sesame oil consumption improves some reproductive parameters, which may be related to the antioxidative and phytostrogenic properties of the sesame oil or insulin action improvement
ABSTRACT
Neuroendocrine dysfunction following traumatic brain injury [TBI] is frequently missed due to the absence of major symptoms and very often, no appropriate management is prescribed, thus delaying the patient recovery. This study is aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of anterior pituitary dysfunction following TBI. From June to December 2009, over a period of seven months, a total of 156 cases were admitted to a trauma center following TBI. Of the seventy patients, [61 males and 9 females mean age 30 years] included in the study, 39 patients had moderate [GCS; 9 - 12] and 31 cases had severe [GCS < 8] TBI. Patients were tested 6 months after injury for possible secretory abnormalities of anterior pituitary hormones. Anterior pituitary secretary function was assessed by measurement of serum levels of FT4, TSH, basal GH, IGF-1, 8 am Cortisol, FSH, LH, total testosterone and prolactin. Dynamic tests of ACTH and glucagon stimulation were used to evaluate the pituitary-adrenal axis and GH secretory status. Forty-one patients [58.6%] were found to be suffering from at least one hormonal secretory abnormality, with patterns and frequencies of: Gonadotropins [LH, FSH], 12.9%, corticotrophin [ACTH], 12.9%, somatotropin [GH], 4.3%, and prolactin [PRL], 1.4%. There was no case with thyrotropin deficiency. Hyperprolactinemia was found to be present in 23 cases [31.5%]. The results of this study showed that anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies occur frequently, 6 months following traumatic brain injury. The two most commonly involved axes were the pituitary-gonadal and the pituitary-adrenal. Hypocortisolism may be particularly harmful for the patients' health
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pituitary Diseases , Pituitary Gland, Anterior/pathologyABSTRACT
Studies have shown that aqueous extracts of plants and herbs Aloe vera cousins on physiological functions and especially their impact on thyroid function. This study examined the effect of a 20% solution Aloe vera gel on serum T[3], T[4] and TSH is. In this study 20 male Wistar rats divided into ten series, control solution, 20% received a dose of 625 mg kg Aloe vera gel was divided into 21 days. Aloe vera 20% gel solution was administered by gavage. After each group of experiments, blood samples were collected via blood from the heart. After preparation of serum hormones T[3], T[4] and TSH were measured by using electro-chemiluminescence. The data using ANOVA test statistics were compared between groups. The results showed that mice receiving a 20% gel solution Aloe vera, serum levels of T[3], T[4] and TSH showed a significant decrease compared to the control group [respectively p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001]. The results indicate that 20% gel solution Aloe vera reduced serum levels of T[3], T[4] and TSH in the regulation of hyperthyroidism, and administering the solution may be used
ABSTRACT
Introduction: There are considerable evidence on increased prevalence of asthma and allergic disease in the world. But due to different methodologies, these studies cannot be compared
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of allergic diseases in children of Rasht city by ISSAC methodology in 2001-2002
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study the samples were selected randomly from first grade students of 63 primary schools and second and third grade students of 22 guidance schools. Based on ISAAC protocol, students completed questionnaires, and results were analyzed by SPSS soft ware by 95% confidence interval
Results: Out of 6145 questionnaire, 6060 were returned. The prevalence of "ever wheezing" was 25% in guidance school and 22% in primary school students. In boys it was higher than girls [26.7%VS. 22.57%] [P< 0.05]. Prevalence of asthma was 7.1% in 6-7 year olds and 7.1% in 13-14 year old students. It was higher in boys [P < 0.05] and in 6-7 year olds was higher than 13-14 year old students [p < 0.05]. And totally was higher in 2001-2002 study than previous studies [5.96% VS. 3.4%, P < 0.05]. 114 students [3.68%] had sleep disruption over one night a week and 143 students [17%] had speech limitation due to wheezing. These results were lower than previous studies [19% sleep disruption and 23.7% speech limitation in 1995-1996] [p < 0.05]
Conclusion: Comparing with previous studies, the result revealed that due to better diagnosis, real rise in prevalence, increasing contact with household allergens and environmental pollutant and better usage of proper diagnostic tests, prevalence of asthma symptoms increased, however morbidity rate declined
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased worldwide in last decades
Objective: This study is conducted to assess the severity and prevalence of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis among children of Rasht city from 2001-2002 and compare it with similar study conducted in 1993-1995
Materials and Methods: Total of 6145 primary [6-7 years old] and guidance [13-14 years old] school students were randomly selected and studied. It was a descriptive study. The students responded to written questionnaire of Isaac [international study of asthma and allergy in childhood] protocol for 6-7 and 13-14 years old. Data were collected and double entered and was analyzed with SPSS software
Result: A total 6060 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. In positive response to history of rhinitis 429 [14.3%] were 6-7 year olds and 822 [28.2%] were 12-13 year olds and the difference between two age groups was significant and also it was significantly higher in males. The prevalence of [recent rhinitis] and symptoms of [Rhinoconjectivitis] was higher in guidance school children than elementary group [in all cases P<0.05]. 191 elementary students [63% with rhinitis] and 316 guidance students [62% with rhinitis] stated limited daily activity due to rhinitis which was not statistically significant
Conclusion: Comparing the results obtained in this study with the similar study done in 1994-1995, the prevalence of symptoms of allergic rhinitis was higher in all students but its severity did not increase. It is suggested that further study to assess risk factors of this disease in this region to be conducted
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We are reporting two neonates with isolated pyloric atresia, with an objective to emphasize the importance of considering this rare condition in the differential diagnosis of upper intestinal atresias. Both had non-bilious vomiting and epigastric fullness. X-ray showed a dilated gastric shadow with no evidence of gas in the rest of the abdomen. On exploration they had pyloric atresia which was corrected with gastroduodenostomy. Congenital pyloric atresia is a rare condition, which presents with features of gastric outlet obstruction. It can be diagnosed antenatally but the picture can mimic other conditions. Epidermolysis bullosa has a strong association with it and require skin biopsy for diagnosis
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Intestinal Atresia , Pylorus/abnormalities , Gastric Outlet Obstruction/diagnosis , ReviewABSTRACT
We are reporting a baby who presented with features of neonatal intestinal obstruction, with an x-ray picture suggestive of hold up at the duodenal level. On laparotomy he had malrotation of the gut which was corrected. He also had a dilated urinary bladder, which later on was treated with vasicostomy. The baby did not move his bowel inspite of no mechanical obstruction and even bypass procedure [gastrojejunostomy]. She had all the features of Megacystis-Microcolon-Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome [MMIHS]. MMIHS [also called hollow viscus myopathy] is a neonatal condition causing a severe form of pseudo [functional] intestinal obstruction. This is an autosomal recessive disorder more common in females. The various components of the syndrome are dilated urinary bladder, decreased motility of the gut, microcolon, intestinal malrotation and lax abdominal musculature. All these components of the syndrome were found in our case
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This study is a retrospective analysis of ninety-five cases of urolithiasis which presented to the children's Hospital, PIMS, Islamabad [Pakistan] in 1990. This condition remains a continuing source of morbidity in Pakistan and other developing nations. The results of this paper propose that malnutrition and dehydration are important causative factors
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Nutrition DisordersABSTRACT
Intestinal obstruction in newborn is a fatal condition unless diagnosed and treated very early. Many causes-all equally common are seen. This article discusses these conditions with reference to general principles of management