ABSTRACT
Neuroendocrine dysfunction following traumatic brain injury [TBI] is frequently missed due to the absence of major symptoms and very often, no appropriate management is prescribed, thus delaying the patient recovery. This study is aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of anterior pituitary dysfunction following TBI. From June to December 2009, over a period of seven months, a total of 156 cases were admitted to a trauma center following TBI. Of the seventy patients, [61 males and 9 females mean age 30 years] included in the study, 39 patients had moderate [GCS; 9 - 12] and 31 cases had severe [GCS < 8] TBI. Patients were tested 6 months after injury for possible secretory abnormalities of anterior pituitary hormones. Anterior pituitary secretary function was assessed by measurement of serum levels of FT4, TSH, basal GH, IGF-1, 8 am Cortisol, FSH, LH, total testosterone and prolactin. Dynamic tests of ACTH and glucagon stimulation were used to evaluate the pituitary-adrenal axis and GH secretory status. Forty-one patients [58.6%] were found to be suffering from at least one hormonal secretory abnormality, with patterns and frequencies of: Gonadotropins [LH, FSH], 12.9%, corticotrophin [ACTH], 12.9%, somatotropin [GH], 4.3%, and prolactin [PRL], 1.4%. There was no case with thyrotropin deficiency. Hyperprolactinemia was found to be present in 23 cases [31.5%]. The results of this study showed that anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies occur frequently, 6 months following traumatic brain injury. The two most commonly involved axes were the pituitary-gonadal and the pituitary-adrenal. Hypocortisolism may be particularly harmful for the patients' health
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pituitary Diseases , Pituitary Gland, Anterior/pathologyABSTRACT
Introduction: There are considerable evidence on increased prevalence of asthma and allergic disease in the world. But due to different methodologies, these studies cannot be compared
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of allergic diseases in children of Rasht city by ISSAC methodology in 2001-2002
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study the samples were selected randomly from first grade students of 63 primary schools and second and third grade students of 22 guidance schools. Based on ISAAC protocol, students completed questionnaires, and results were analyzed by SPSS soft ware by 95% confidence interval
Results: Out of 6145 questionnaire, 6060 were returned. The prevalence of "ever wheezing" was 25% in guidance school and 22% in primary school students. In boys it was higher than girls [26.7%VS. 22.57%] [P< 0.05]. Prevalence of asthma was 7.1% in 6-7 year olds and 7.1% in 13-14 year old students. It was higher in boys [P < 0.05] and in 6-7 year olds was higher than 13-14 year old students [p < 0.05]. And totally was higher in 2001-2002 study than previous studies [5.96% VS. 3.4%, P < 0.05]. 114 students [3.68%] had sleep disruption over one night a week and 143 students [17%] had speech limitation due to wheezing. These results were lower than previous studies [19% sleep disruption and 23.7% speech limitation in 1995-1996] [p < 0.05]
Conclusion: Comparing with previous studies, the result revealed that due to better diagnosis, real rise in prevalence, increasing contact with household allergens and environmental pollutant and better usage of proper diagnostic tests, prevalence of asthma symptoms increased, however morbidity rate declined
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased worldwide in last decades
Objective: This study is conducted to assess the severity and prevalence of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis among children of Rasht city from 2001-2002 and compare it with similar study conducted in 1993-1995
Materials and Methods: Total of 6145 primary [6-7 years old] and guidance [13-14 years old] school students were randomly selected and studied. It was a descriptive study. The students responded to written questionnaire of Isaac [international study of asthma and allergy in childhood] protocol for 6-7 and 13-14 years old. Data were collected and double entered and was analyzed with SPSS software
Result: A total 6060 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. In positive response to history of rhinitis 429 [14.3%] were 6-7 year olds and 822 [28.2%] were 12-13 year olds and the difference between two age groups was significant and also it was significantly higher in males. The prevalence of [recent rhinitis] and symptoms of [Rhinoconjectivitis] was higher in guidance school children than elementary group [in all cases P<0.05]. 191 elementary students [63% with rhinitis] and 316 guidance students [62% with rhinitis] stated limited daily activity due to rhinitis which was not statistically significant
Conclusion: Comparing the results obtained in this study with the similar study done in 1994-1995, the prevalence of symptoms of allergic rhinitis was higher in all students but its severity did not increase. It is suggested that further study to assess risk factors of this disease in this region to be conducted