[ study on the effect of physical education [II] curriculum based on BASNEF model on female students' regular physical activity in Isfahan university of medical sciences]

Due to the benefits of regular physical activity and prevalence of sedentary of physical activity among females and the potential of health education theories and models in changing behaviors, this study was designed to assess the effect of physical education [II] based on BASNEF Model on female students' regular physical activity of Isfahan university of medical sciences. All female students who registered in physical education II classes in the first semester of academic year 2007-2008, participated in this experimental intervention program [N=120]. These students were from six classes and randomly divided into two groups: experimental group [3 classes] and control group [3 classes]. The data was collected using a developed questionnaire based on BASNEF Model [contain Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norm, Enabling Factors components] as well as international physical activity questionnaire [IPAQ]. The experimental group participated in 2 months ordinary physical education program based on BASNEF Model. The control group had 2 months ordinary educational program. The data was collected in pre and post-test periods and then 2 and 4 months follow-up and analyzed using SPSS software. After intervention, the mean scores of BASNEF components were significantly high in experimental group in comparison to the control group. Also the experimental groups' participation in regular physical activity was significantly greater than the control group after 2 and 4 months prior to the interventional program. Developing physical education courses based on BASNEF model can improve regular physical activity of female students

effect of nutririon and supplements on ocular health

Nutrition is a subject of interest in many fields of medicine. So ophthalmologists have also attempted to find possible ways to preserve vision through diet and supplements. Ocular disorders such as cataracts, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma are the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in the world, so most of the studies have focused on these major disorders and nutritions containing antioxidant such as vitamin C and E. Zexanthin/luteins and omega 3 have been the main substances studied in this relation. Although benefits of the regimens with high amounts of antioxidants were observed in reducing progression of cataract, agerelated macular degeneration and so on, as many of these studies have been observational, the cause and effect relationship cannot be definitely concluded and multiple cohort prospective studies will be desired to evaluate the exact role of nutrition. Somehow, a healthy diet which means the diet which increases our health can be achieved in regimens with low saturated fatty acids and rich in fresh fruits, vegetables and fish. On the whole, even though they may not affect disease progression, they are generally good for overall health

Comparing the effect of two methods of presenting physical education II course on the attitudes and practices of female students towards regular physical activity in Isfahan university of medical sciences

Regular physical activity has a positive effect on physical, mental, and social health aspects of students and society; and presenting physical education course in universities plays an important role in achieving this goal. This study was performed with the aim to compare the effectiveness of two methods [Basnef and routine] of presenting physical education course on the attitude and practice of female students towards regular physical activity. In this quasi-experimental prospective study, all female students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences [n=l 13] who had taken physical education [II] course in the first academic semester of 2006-2007 participated. Physical education classes were divided randomly into two experiment and control groups. The data gathering tools included two questionnaires, one for measuring attitude towards doing physical activity and also towards physical education course and one International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ]. Students in the experiment group passed physical education course during two months based on BASNEF model and the control group passed the routine course during two months. All the participants were followed up 2 and 4 months after the end of the educational program. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS software. After the intervention, the experiment group achieved a significantly higher mean score in two areas of attitude toward physical education and physical activity compared to the control group. The total physical activities performed in the experiment group had a better distribution and was significantly better than the control group. Employing behavioral models such as BASNEF model may prove helpful in developing the curriculum of physical education [II] course

Distribution of malocclusion types in 7-9-year-old Iranian children

This study assessed the malocclusion types, very severe crowding and need for serial extraction among a random sample of 7-9-year-old children in Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. Of the 3776 children 30.6% had normal occlusion, 47.4% class I malocclusion, 13.7% class II division 1 malocclusion [male/female ratio 3:2], 1.0% class II division 2 malocclusion [male/female ratio 3:1] and 2.1% class III malocclusion. Among the children examined, 47.9% had crowding problems and 14.7% of them had class I malocclusion with very severe crowding-more girls [17.3%] than boys [12.1%]. No correlation was observed between the types of malocclusion and family size, parents' occupation or level of education

incidence of mandibular trauma

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of mandibular fractures at an Urban center. A total of 96 patients presented to the Manchester Royal Infirmary with Mandibular Fractures during the calendar years, 1991 and 1992. It was determined that the main etiological factor leading to the disturbance of the mandibular contours were assault or interpersonal violence [74%] followed by Falls, Road Traffic Accidents and Sporting Injuries. Majority of the subjects were males and most of the patients were in the age group of 20-29 years. In most of the patients there was a unilateral pattern of injury and the angle was the most vulnerable area of the lower jaw to be traumatized