ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Influenza viruses are important causes of mortality and morbidity in children. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of antibodies [IgG] against Influenza A in children in Kerman, Iran
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 200 children aged 4-14 years referred to Besaat Clinic and Afzalipour hospital for diseases other than influenza were enrolled. Sera were tested for anti influenza A IgG with NovaLisa ELISA kits [NOVATEC, Germany]
Results: Anti-Influenza virus A IgG was detected in 12% [24/200] of the sera. This group had the highest mean age [9.62 [7-12] years]. Among studied variables, only age was related to seropositivness for anti-Influenza A serotypes
Conclusion: The majority of children aged 4-14 years in Kerman had no immunity to Influenza A. So, they are at risk for influenza and its morbidity during possible epidemics of this infection
ABSTRACT
The nucleus accumbens is involved in various functions ranging from motivation and reward to feeding and drug addiction. Some researchers have also suggested that this region has some roles in consciousness. In the present study, the effect of electrical stimulation and lesion of nucleus accumbens on Electroencephalogram waves [EEG] of addict and non-addict rats was investigated. Male wistar rats [weight 190-250 g] were divided into control and addict groups. Addiction was induced by injection of morphine [three times a day and for four days]. Then all rats in both groups were aneasthetized by urethane and stainless steel electrodes were implanted in nucleus accumbens. EEG waves were recorded in three stages of control, after stimulation [130 microA, 100 HZ, every 5 sec for 10 min], and after lesion [0.4 m A, 60 sec] of nucleus accumbens in each group. In addict group alpha and beta waves were increased, while theta and delta waves were decreased compared to intact group. Electrical stimulation and lesion of nucleus accumbens decreased theta waves in intact group and increased beta waves in addict group comparing to the control stages. Although morphine dependency causes increase of high frequency- low voltage waves and decrease of low frequency-high voltage waves, it seems, that nucleus accumbens has no role in variations of brain waves