ABSTRACT
Background and objective: Hearing loss and tinnitus are two auditory effects of hearing system damage due to occupational noise exposure. These factors can have non-auditory effects by themselves and impact on brain cognitive performance. In our study, the effect of occupational noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus on cognition and auditory-verbal memory was investigated
Materials and methods: Our study was done on 42 male workers aged 40 to 56 years in three groups of workers with 1] hearing loss, 2] hearing loss and tinnitus and 3] normal hearing. Workers in two first groups had a long history of working in environments with excessive noise, and third group was matched control workers with normal hearing. Hearing impaired persons had symmetrical moderate falling sensory-neural hearing loss in the both ears. For all subjects, Mini-Mental State Examination and Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Tests were performed in identical conditions
Results: Normal hearing group had higher scores in all stages of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning test than two other groups and their means differences in three A1, Sum and Recognition stages were significant [p
Conclusion: Our study revealed effect of noise induced hearing loss and tinnitus due to prolonged exposure to noise over the limit on general cognition and auditory-verbal memory. Given the preventable nature of auditory and non-auditory effects of occupational noise, administration and control of hearing conservation programs and training of workers can be the suitable and proposed solution
ABSTRACT
Various studies indicate that background noise affects speech recognition ability of bilingual listeners [BL] more than monolingual ones [ML]. However, no study has engaged in the speech recognition performance of Turkish-Persian bilinguals in the background noise. The purpose of the present study was to compare word recognition scores [WRSs] in the continuous and interrupted noises among ML Persian and BL Turkish-Persian young adults. The cross- sectional analytical study was conducted by presenting speech stimuli in quiet and in the background continuous and interrupted noises at signal to noise ratios [SNRs] of-20, -10, 0, +10 dB. Two groups of 33 ML Persian and 36 BL Turkish- Persian subjects with age ranging from eighteen to twenty-five years old participated. The degree of reduction in WRSs was significantly higher in the continuous noise relative to the interrupted one at four studied SNRs [p<0.0001]. Moreover, the difference between WRSs of ML Persian and BL Turkish-Persian groups in the presence of both continuous [p<0.001] and interrupted [p=0.002] noises was significant. It seems that Persian-words recognition ability of Turkish-Persian BLs reduces more than Persian MLs in the background noises and continuous noise affects speech perception ability more than interrupted one
ABSTRACT
Statement of Problem: Due to the clinicopathologic similarity of pyogenic granuloma to some neoplastic or hamartomatouse lesion, vascular density can represent some biological behaviors of this lesion
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the density of the vessels and the clinicopathological features of oral pyogenic granuloma [PG] and its histopathologic subtypes
Materials and Methods: Information about age, sex, site, size, duration and the presence of surface ulceration in total and in two histopathologic subtypes [lobular and non-lobular] were collected From 94 PG files in the archives and were compared. Vessel counting was performed on Hand E slides and the density of the vessels was compared in two subtypes, two genders and ulcerated and non-ulcerated groups using Independent Samples T- test
Results: Pyogenic granuloma comprised 4.5 percent of all the lesions. The male to female ratio was 1:1.7. The mean age of the patients was 27.99 years and the most frequent involved site was the gingiva [84%]. The Non-LCH lesions were more than LCH. Post- mandibular gingiva in the LCH group and the anterior portion of the maxillary gingiva were the most locations of involvement. The mean duration of the presence of the lesion in Non-LCH was more than that in LCH. Surface ulceration in Non-LCH [89.4%] was more than LCH [78.6%]. Although the mean density of the vessels was equal in both males and females; there was a significant difference in the lesions with or without surface ulcerations [p =0.01]. However there was no significant difference between the lobular and nonlobular groups
Conclusion: The site of the lesion, duration, and the lower cases with surface ulceration in the LCH form can be in contrast with reactive nature of this subtype, showing similarity to tumoral or developmental lesions. Gender does not influence the density of blood vessels in PG but surface ulceration can influence it
ABSTRACT
To provide the Iranian version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT]and assess its reliability. Test items were selected from a pool of common and high frequency words with characteristics of simplicity, concreteness and with lowest emotional load. Two different Persian version of the Rey test was prepared according to Lezak criteria with three lists A, B and recognition words [List A + List B + 20 new words] in each version with different parts including I to V repetition of list A, +, list B, immediate recall [VI], delayed recall [VII] [after 20 minutes] and word recognition in the administrating phase. This randomized study was done among 250 normal aged people without history of medical problem or any other diseases or factors that can affect cognitive ability with 60 to 80 years old in three elementary, junior and academic literacy levels for both men and women from Aug. 2008 to Feb. 2009 Pearson correlation coefficient was used to define test reliability by completing two different Persian version of Rey test among 35 aged persons with two months time delay. Increase of test scores from I to V parts showed the effect of test items repetition and learning effect. Regression test exhibited significant effect of age and sex variables on most parts of the Rey test and literacy level had the same effect in all parts of the test [P<0.01]. High positive correlation was revealed between results of two different versions of the test [P<0.001, r>0.730]. Persian version of the Rey auditory verbal learning test has good reliability, and can be used to evaluate and interpret the situation of memory and learning ability of the aged people
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Validation Studies as Topic , Memory , Aging , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [HNSCC] is the sixth most common cancer among men in the developed world. The objective of this study was to document the gender, age, sites of occurrence and histological differentiation of the HNSCC in southern Iran. In a retrospective study from 1992 to 2007, 386 patients with a histological diagnosis of the HNSCC were investigated in departments of pathology of Shiraz Dental School and Khalili Hospital in southern Iran. Among 386 cases, there were 289 male [74.9%] and 97 female [25.1%]. In younger patients, the male to female ratio was lower than that in the older ones. The larynx was the most commonly affected site [44%], followed by the oral cavity [34.7%], skin [7%], oropharynx [3.1%], hypopharynx [2.9%], cervical esophagus [2.3%], other sites [4.2%] and unknown site [1.8%]. 45.6% were well but 8.3% were poorly differentiated for SCC. HNSCC was most common in the larynx and oral cavity with an older aged male preponderance, but male to female ratio was lower in younger patients than older ones
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/epidemiology , Larynx/pathologyABSTRACT
The use of digital hearing aid in the world is increasing and the potential advantages of digital hearing aid over analog or programmable hearing aids have been the subject of much debate. Benefit of this hearing aid is not defined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measurement the digital hearing aid benefit and comparison it, with programmable hearing aid benefit. Forty interested subjects with the mean age of 52.12 with the of years range 30to70 with audiometric profiles consistent with hearing aid candidacy participated in this study. Programmable H.A was fit for 21 subjects and digital H.A for 19 subjects. Each subject was given the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit [APHAB] to complete for unaided and aided conditions. No statistically significant differences were found in the APHAB benefit scores between the hearing aid sets [P=0.051].but digital H.A were significantly better than programmable H.A on one of the four subscales [P=0.02]. The APHAB scores did not indicate clear difference between the two systems, despite potential advantages of digital H.A over analog and programmable H.A