[Effect of education on management of blood glucose in children with diabetes]

Adequate education of patients and good metabolic control can improve clinical outcome in children with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of education on management of glycemic control in diabetic children aged 10 to 14 years in Diabetes Research Center of Hamadan, Iran in 2013. This quasi-experimental study had a single-group with pre-post test design. Forty diabetic children from 10 to 14 years of age were selected by random sampling. In order to empower them, we conducted four sessions of group training; each session took 30 to 45-minutes. The scales included a record form of blood glucose levels and diabetic children behavioral management questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha of 0.74 -0.93 indicated stability of the questionnaire domains. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 19 using descriptive statistics and paired t-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Pearson correlation coefficient at 95% confidence level. There was a statistically significant difference between mean scores of behavioral management of diabetic children in four domains: "blood glucose measurement [t=7.44, P<0.001]", "following principles of insulin therapy [t=7.43, P<0.001]", Observing Dietary Behaviors [t=9.72, P<0.001] and "physical activities [t=12.18, P<0.001] ". Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference between mean level of recorded blood glucose in the diabetic children a week before and a week after training intervention [t=-3.97, P<0.001]; as well as, between mean level of glycosylated hemoglobin before and three months after the intervention [t=-5.23, P<0.001]. Systematic training and empowering children with diabetes aged 10-14 years to perform blood glucose measurements, observing insulin therapy principles, Observing Dietary Behaviors, and doing physical activities reduces blood glucose and HbA1C. Therefore, systematic training and involvement of diabetic children in the care and treatment can improve management of blood glucose

[Breakfast consumption and body mass index in primary, secondary and high school boys in Zahedan 2005-2006]

Breakfast, labeled the most important meal of the day, as part of a healthful diet and lifestyle, can positively impact children's health and well-being. In this survey we studied breakfast eating and its association to body mass index in boy students in Zahedan. In a cross-sectional study, 1278 students were selected, using a cluster sampling. Data was collected via interviews with the students and by measuring their weights and heights to calculate their Body Mass Index [BMI]. Data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0 and Chi-square test. Results showed that 5.2% of the students never ate breakfast. Mean BMI was 17.24 +/- 3.29 kg/m[2]. Of students who skipped breakfast, 6% were overweight, and 7.5% were at risk of overweight. In the group of students who always or sometimes ate breakfast, 3% were overweight and 5.5% at risk of it. Using the Chi-square test, breakfast consumption was found to be associated with the level of school [P=0.000]. Body mass index was associated with the level of school [P=0.000], and breakfast consumption [P=0.04]. Results indicated overweight and obesity in children who skip breakfast. Parents and students should be encouraged to change inappropriate nutritional behaviours and enhance their appropriate nutritional behaviors