ABSTRACT
Introduction: open surgery is the gold standard of treating the saghorn calculus which all other forms of treatment are compared with it. New endourological techniques leads to treating staghorn calculus with more effective and less invasive methods
Objective: compare the complication of PNL [percutaneous nephrolithotomy] versus open surgery in staghorn stones
Materials and Methods: in this study 120 patients with staghorn stones who admitted in Razi hospital during September 2005 to September 2007 were considered. The requested information was extracted such as age, sex, treatment method, intraoperative and postoperative complications [including Obstructive uropathy, Massive hematuria, and Wound infection] and hospital stay. The results and complications were compared in patients who underwent PCNL with open surgery and were compared and data were analyzed by T-test and chi- square
Results: we studied 72 patients [60%] underwent PNL and 48 patients [40%] underwent open surgery. We recorded intraoperative complication in 18.8% and 13.9% in PNL and open surgery respectively. The most common intraoperative complication was bleeding requiring blood transfusion. We recorded postoperative complication in 12.5% and 4.2% of patients in PNL and open surgery repectively. Mean hospital stay was 3.93 +/- 1.76 and 5.08 +/- 2.42 day in PNL and open surgery respectively. Stone free rate was 81.9% and 91.6% of patients who underwent PNL of patients and open surgery respectively
Conclusion: PNL is a valuable treatment option for staghorn stones with complication and stone free rate approaching that of open surgery. Moreover, it has advantages such as shorter hospital stay that because it is the first stage in treatment of most patients with staghorn stones
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Weight gain during pregnancy is variable and depends on mother's diet status before pregnancy. Based on medical resources, there is an inverse relationship between mother's Body Mass Index[BMI] and prenatal weight gain
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate mothers' BMI before pregnancy and prenatal weight gain
Materials and Methods: In a cross - sectional study, we analyzed retrospectively prenatal and obstetrical reports of 480 women attended health centers of rural areas in Rasht, who delivered during year 2002. The selection of them was done by cluster and random selection in ten health centers. Maternal characteristics including age, job, education, pre pregnancy weight, height, body mass index, pregnancy weight gain, parity, and main outcome including birth weight were recorded. Student t-test, Chi-square, One-way Anova and correlation were used to analyze data
Results: On the basis of body mass index [BMI], 7.9% 0f women were thin, 45.4% of them had normal BMI and 46.7% were overweight. The mean of BMI was 26.2 +/- 5.2. The mean of pregnancy weight gain was 9.2 +/- 4.1 kg [min=0.5, max=21kg]. An inverse relationship between BMI and pregnancy weight gain was showed [r=-0.26, p =0.01]. Although the mean of pregnancy weight gain in thin women was higher than obese ones but, about most of them didn't gain expected weight during pregnancy. Rate of low birth weight was about 11%
Conclusion: This study shows an inverse relationship between BMI and pregnancy weight gain. Pregnancy weight gain is lower than recommendations and also rate of LBW is higher than expected in these rural regions. Use of appropriate nutritional model for pregnant women, could contribute to increased pregnancy weight gain and improved birth weight
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Intra Uterine Devices [IUD] use is among effective contraceptive available in different forms and spontaneous or deliberate expulsion of IUD is a common complication
Objective: it's to determine expressed associated reasons for expulsion of inserted IUDs among clients referred to Family Planning Specially research center
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, all 367 women who referred to the center for removal of IUD for any reason from 1997 to 2001 were selected. The samples' demographic characteristics and relative frequency of their expressed reason for removal of IUD were recorded
Results: Totally 51.2% of clients referred for two reasons: Wish to get pregnant, and hemorrhagic conditions or anemia. The least expressed reasons were prolepses [0.54%] and husband vasectomies [0.81%]
Conclusion: IUDS insertion must be done for women with decisive decision not to have children in long-term period and operative technicians to have sufficient training for insertion of IUDs and thereby to prevent early and spontaneous expulsions
ABSTRACT
Introduction: in spite of various methods available for treatment of alopecia areata, treatment of diffuse alopecia areata is still a difficult problem. Although systemic corticosteroids are frequently effective but long term consumption of oral steroids is not recommended because of complications
Objective: the aim of this study was to determine response to treatment and relapse in patients with diffuse alopecia areata
Materials and methods: in this interventive and quazi- experimental we studied 26 patients with alopecia areata [first attack or relapse in the current year]. Intravenous methylprednisolone, 500mg, was prescribed for 3 successive days and the patients were examined in the months of 1,3, 6 and 12. Photographs of scalp were taken at each visit
Results: results were registered in the forms prepared for each patient and analyzed statistically [Fisher test]. Of a total of 17 patients with multifocal alopecia areata, 53%, 76.5%, 76.5% and 64.6% showed response to treatment at 1,3,6 and 12 months respectively. Relapse occurred 17.5%, 23.5% and 35% in the months 3,6,12 respectively. From the 7 patients with alopecia universalis, only one patient showed response. In two patients with ophiasis [one case] and totalis [one case], no response to treatment was seen
Conclusion: all responses to treatment were obtained in the patients with diffuse muttifocal alopecia areata. There was no statistically significant difference between response to treatment and relapse in patients with first attack and repeated attacks
ABSTRACT
Introduction: adolescents are the fastest growing risk group for the development of AIDS worldwide. Preventive education is the only tool available for reducing the risk of HIV infection among the youth
Objective: for assessment of knowledge and attitude of university students, this cross- sectional study was designed
Materials and Methods: the study population consisted of 850 non-medical students of Guilan University that were selected by random sampling. For this survey a questionnaire consisting of demographic data, knowledge and attitude questions was designed. Knowledge was ranked into good, intermediate and weak levels and 5 score Likert scale was used for attitude assessment. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaires, 744 of them were completed and analysed by Mantel-Haenzel 2 statistical method
Results: this study showed 11.7% of the students had good, 7.6% intermediate and 10.7% weak knowledge. Knowledge of Engineering Faculty students was higher than others [P<0.05]. Also, the younger students who were married had better knowledge than the older ones who were singles [P<0.05]. Most of the students [70.2%] were informed of HIV/AIDS by media
Conclusion: the results underline the importance of providing information with higher quantity and quality by media and also health subjects in the educational courses of the non- medical students