ABSTRACT
Introduction: Health Education is the first and most important step in health care. Therefore it is necessary to pay more attention to personnel education
Objective: The goal of study was to compare effect of distance education on knowledge of Behvarz and other health team members regarding primary health care
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 185 employed personnel at health centers in Kashan University of Medical Sciences participated. Educational booklet was sent to the health centers and samples took an exam after two months. Data were gathered by a 90 question researcher made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired T-test
Results: The highest percentage of correct responses by Behvarz was related to drug need estimation in the health house [5.59 +/- 0.34], by technicians and experts of anti-illness [4.55 +/- 0.223], and family health experts and technicians and midwives [4.48 +/- 0.221]. The lowest percentage of correct answers was too related to physical activity pyramid in technicians and experts of anti-illness [2.35 +/- 0.342], familiarity with figures by family health experts and technicians and midwives [3.1 +/- 0.35] and physical activity pyramid by Behvarz [2.78 +/- 0.23]. In attention to study findings, there were no significant differences between the knowledge of study groups [technicians and experts of anti-illness, technician and family health expert, and midwives and Behvarz]
Conclusion: Due to the lack of significant differences between knowledge level of Behvarz and other health team members in most comparisons, educational programs in PHC for health professionals to increase their awareness of community health promotion appears to be necessary and useful
ABSTRACT
Cutaneous round cell tumors have been classified as mast cell tumor [MCT], histiocytoma [HCT], lymphosarcoma, undifferentiated round cell tumors and occasionally rhabdomyosarcoma in veterinary medicine. An adult cock [Gallus domesticus] showing a large solitary integument mass raised on dorso bilateral of cervical part, extending to intercapsular and cranial mid part of the back was referred to the birds clinic of the faculty of veterinary medicine at the university of Tehran. Microscopic examination revealed sheeted cells with large, round to oval nuclei with each one containing one or more prominent nucleoli with scant cytoplasm. The myofibrils of the neck were degenerated by aggressive tumor cells. The condition was differentiated from other round cell tumors by electron microscope, histochemical staining, as well as the application of a large panel of antibodies. Polymerase chain reaction failed to confirm the involvement of both Marek's disease virus and avian leukosis virus subgroup-J. It was concluded that the tumor cells were consistent with both B-cell lymphocytes and histiocytes that unusually covered the entire dermal layer of dorsal neck skin. This unusual cutaneous lymphoma was named as lymphoblastic histiocytoma
ABSTRACT
The use of vaccines in poultry to control avian influenza viruses [AIVs], especially mildly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, has been increased in recent years; thus, regarding the characteristics of AIVs, it is important to evaluate the quality of vaccines with an appropriate and rapid method. The aim of the present study was to investigate the quality of three commercially available oil-emulsion AIVS [subgroup H[9]N[2]] vaccines via in-vitro assessment. Viral antigens of the vaccines were recovered by aqueous partition method and the amounts of extracted total protein and recovered hemagglutination [HA] activity were determined and compared with the immune system responses of chickens to the vaccines. It has been shown that the amount of recovered total protein and activity of the recovered HA were different among vaccines with the same dose. Meanwhile, chickens showed different immune system responses to the vaccines. We have shown poor quality for two vaccines and high quality for one which can be attributed to their viral protein density
Subject(s)
Animals , Influenza in Birds , Influenza Vaccines , Chickens , Poultry , Immune SystemABSTRACT
Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus [ALV-J] was isolated in the late 1980s from meat-type chickens in the United Kingdom. ALV-J with exception of some acute variants, cause myeloid leukosis in meattype chickens with long incubation period. In this study while the status of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J in six different strain of broiler grandparent flocks of Iran evaluated, the evaluation of different primers and some molecular methods also were done. For this reason, 100 blood samples, which had EDTA, 100 mixed of white blood cells and plasma and 100 feather pulps were collected from one farm of each broiler grandparent strain. PCR and nested PCR were methods that used for the study. In molecular study before the extraction of DNA from samples; In order to decrease the number of samples, 10 mixed of white blood cells and plasma, blood or feather pulp pooled. In molecular study with PCR all of samples were negative, but in nested PCR reaction, from six broiler strains, five strains infected to ALV-J. The results indicate that the most of broiler strains in Iran have been infected to ALVJ. The results also indicate that we can simply use pooled samples for the study of ALV-J in a flock by nested-PCR test
Subject(s)
Animals , Avian Leukosis Virus , Chickens , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Objective: evaluation of the efficacy of inactivated monovalent and polyvalent vaccines prepared from E. coli serotypes in poultry in Iran
Design: randomized completely Design
Animals: three hundred sixty Arian broiler chicks
Procedure: in this study monovalent vaccines 078:K80 and polyvalent vaccine were prepared, using native and virulent E.coli serotypes of O78:K80, O128: K67, O2:K1, O124:K82, O119:B14 and appropriate adjuvant ALK [SO4]2.12H2O and KOH. Three hundred sixty day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatment and one control groups. Birds in each group were injected with 0.5 ml [1.5 x 10[9]] of one of four prepared vaccines by subcutaneous administration in second week and intramuscular administration in third and fourth weeks of age. Before challenge serum antibody titers were measured by the tube and slide agglutination test. Ten days after the last vaccination chicks were challenged with virulent strain of O78:K80, O2:K1 and O128:K67 E. coli serotypes
Statistical analysis: analysis of variance and Scheffe's test
Results: more than 95 percent of chickens in control group showed colibacillosis and 70% of them were died after challenge with O78:K80, while in vaccinated groups just 3.7 % mortality was observed. Live and dead challenged chicks of control group had typical lesions of colibacillosis. No adverse effects were noted on growth rate that were vaccinated with monovalent vaccines
Conclusion: the results of this study revealed that inactivated monovalent and polyvalent vaccines prepared from endemic E. coli serotypes are immunogenic and protective in broiler chicks against virulent E. coli. No cross protection was shown among heterologous serotypes. The vaccines do not have any effects on growth rate or carcasse quality in vaccinated chicks. Thus we suggest using the endemic E. coli vaccine to protect broiler chicks against colibacillosis