[Effects of concurrent regular aerobic training and garlic extract on cardiac tissue apoptosis markers in aged rats with chronic kidney disease]

Background: one of the problems due to aging is apoptosis development in various tissues of body. There is some evidence that some drugs induce apoptosis development via oxidative stress. However, physical activity and herbal drugs through two different mechanisms can cause to inhibit the apoptosis

Objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of concurrent regular aerobic training and garlic extract on Bax and Bcl-2 levels and Bax to Bcl-2 ratio in cardiac tissue of aged rats with chronic kidney disease

Methods: forty two aged male rats were selected and randomly divided into control group, Doxorubicin group, Doxorubicin and saline group, Doxorubicin and aerobic training group, Doxorubicin and garlic group, Doxorubicin, garlic and aerobic training group. The chronic kidney disease induced by the subcutaneous injection of doxorubicin [8.5 mg/kg of body weight] .The protocol training included 3 sessions per week, 30 minutes per session for 8 weeks. The garlic extract were given by gavage [2.5 g/kg of body weight]. Cardiac levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by ELISA

Results: the results showed that eight weeks swimming training and garlic extract and combination of them caused to significant increase in Bcl-2 levels and significant decrease in Bax levels and Bcl-2 to Bax ratio of aged cardiac tissue rats with chronic kidney disease [P<0.05]

Conclusion: based on the results, although physical training and garlic extract individually imposed protective effects on the cardiac tissue but intervention effect of them had no reinforcement effect on the cardiac protection

[Effect of a course of aerobic exercise and consumption of vitamin d supplementation on respiratory indicators in patients with asthma]

Despite the use of exercise therapy in patients with respiratory disease such as asthma, some researchers have emphasized on taking supplementation as a therapeutic approach. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of a course of aerobic exercise and consumption of vitamin D supplementation [1000 IU] on respiratory indicators of patients with asthma. This study was designed as a quasi-experimental investigation on a total of 32 female asthmatic patients with a mean age of 20-30 years. Subjects were classified into four eight-person groups: 1- [AT+S] group which had both aerobic training and supplementation consumption; 2- Aerobic training [AT] group that only participated in exercise training; 3- Group [S] that only consumed vitamin D supplementation; 4- Control [C] Group that had neither aerobic training nor supplementation consumption. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Significant difference considered as p<0.05. In this study, there was a significant difference in post test [p<0.001] between groups in case of maximum voluntary ventilation [MVV], peak expiratory flow rate [PEF] and maximum expiratory flow at 75% vital capacity [FEF75%] and Maximum expiratory flow between 25% to 75% vital capacity [FEF25%-75%]. These indices increased in group AT and AT+S, whereas, they showed decrease in group S and C. Our results indicated that aerobic exercise together with consumption of vitamin D supplementation for 8 weeks could improve the pulmonary function and level of aerobic performance of asthmatic patients and could be considered as a part of pulmonary rehabilitation programs for asthmatic patients

Morphopathological study of naturally occurring ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in sheep in Fars province, Iran

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma [OPA] is a contagious and transmissible lung cancer of sheep resembling human bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. In the present study, lungs of 9400 sheep slaughtered in Fars province, Iran were examined morphopathologically. The OPA was diagnosed in the lungs of 21 [0.22%] out of 9400 sheep. Frequency of involvement of different lobes in the affected lungs was included apical lobe [62%], cardiac lobe [33%], middle lobe [33%], diaphragmatic lobe [62%] and accessory lobe [5%]. In 12 sheep, the classical form observed as firm, white to grayish coalescing masses mostly in the cranio-ventral lobes associated with wet cut surface and frothy fluid in the airways. In 9 sheep, atypical lesions observed as small clearly demarcated nodules mostly in diaphragmatic lobes associated with dry cut surface and minor fluid in the airways. Histopathological changes were almost similar in the two forms. They consisted of an acinar or papillary growth of neoplastic cells in the alveoli and polypoid proliferation of bronchiolar epithelium. There were variable amounts of connective tissue, myxomatous foci and infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the interstitial tissue of the affected alveoli. No metastatic lesion was observed in the lymph nodes. The findings of this study show that atypical and classical forms represent different stages or manifestations of a single disease spectrum

Septo-optic dysplasia with an anterior encephalocele and intact septum pellucidum: a case report

The diagnosis of de Morsier syndrome or septo-optic dysplasia is made on the basis of the diagnosis of optic nerve hypoplasia. Septo-optic dyspiasia is defined by a variable combination of dysgenesis of midline brain structures including optic nerve hypoplasia and hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction often associated with a wide variety of brain malformations of cortical development. The importance of direct ophthalmoscopy of optic nerve abnormalities is stressed, as well as of magnetic resonance imaging, which has become a guideline in the classification of this syndrome. This article reports a 19-year-old female with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia, anterior encephalocele and intact septum pellucidum. She was diagnosed with diabetes insipidus, short stature and the history of seizure