[Effect of varnish fluoride on prevention of baby bottle tooth decay in 12- 36 months-old babies]

The baby bottle tooth decay is a prevalent type of caries, affecting most of the teeth in deciduous dentition, and it is mostly caused by overnight bottle feeding. Given the importance of implementing preventive procedures, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of varnish fluoride on prevention of baby bottle tooth decay in deciduous dentition. This experimental study was carried out on 52 kindergarten children aged one to three years-old in Tehran. The right maxillary centrals and laterals were considered as cases and the left counterparts as control group. Bifluoride-12 varnish [Voco, Germany] was applied twice over a 6 months period on the buccal and palatal surfaces of 104 case teeth. The results were compared with equal number of control teeth. Cochran-Q, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for data analysis. After fluoride therapy, 3 [5.77%], 11 [21.16%], and 8 [15.38%] teeth developed new caries in laterals of case groups, centrals and laterals of control groups respectively. None of the centrals in the case group developed new caries. The observed group differences were statistically significant [P<0.001]. According to Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, factors such as patients' age, gender, geographic region, nutrition habits, oral hygiene and antibiotic consumption had no effect on caries prevalence [P>0.05]. According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that, fluoride varnish may be considered as effective preventive procedure in nursing bottle caries reduction in children with primary dentition

[Comparison of the prevalence of microbial contamination in packed and unpacked redmeat and chicken mea tat retail outlets and department stores in southern Tehran]

Despite advances in disease prevention and food materials technology, food borne diseases are still a major problem in both developed and developing countries. Moreover, meat plays a key role in transfer of bacteria, especially "Zoonotic" to humans. Therefore, we decided to investigate the outbreak of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella,Campylobacter. Yersinia and Aeromonas in red meat and chicken offered as packed and unpacked in areas under the authority of Tehran university of medical sciences 630 samples including 315 raw chicken meat and 315 raw red meat samples were collected and tested for a period of one year from July, 2004 to August.2005. Samples were collected from shops selling packed meat and chicken as well as shops selling unpacked meat and chicken in different parts of the south of Tehran The methods used for the laboratory investigation were based on Iranian National Standard Procedure No. 2394. Of the 630 samples of chicken and meat, 183 samples [29%] were contaminated. 49.2 percent of the contaminated samples were chicken meat and 8.9 percent were red meat. From the total, 71 samples were contaminated with salmonella [11.3%], 68 samples with Campylobacter [10.8%], 26 samples with Yersinia entrocolitica [4.1%] and 18 samples with Aeromonas [2.9%]. In red meat samples, microbial contamination was observed in 4.9% of packed and 10.3 percent of unpacked samples. Contamination rate of chicken samples was higher including 59.3% of packed and 45.7% of unpacked chicken samples. The observed difference between the remitting samples of packed and unpacked chicken was statistically significant. [P< 0.05] Our results indicated that although the centers selling packed and unpacked red meat from south of Teheran showed different microbial contamination rate, the differences were statistically insignificant. [P> 0.05]

[Epidemiology of extra pulmonary tuberculosis in Zahedan]

Tuberculosis canses a broad range of clinical illnesses caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis [or less commonly mycobaterium bovis]. It is the most frequent cause of death worldwide. Tuberculosis can affect virtually every organ, most importantly the lungs. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis [EPTB] may develop simultaneously in the course of pulmonary tuberculosis or it may appear years after the primary pulmonary infection. In recent years, because of AIDS epidemic and an increase in the number of immigrants from countries where tuberculosis remains endemic and an improvement in invasive diagnostic procedures have contributed to an increase in the occurrence of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Because of the variations and dispersion of extra pulmonary tuberculosis observed between the developed and developing countries we were tempted to evaluate the entire cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis in Zahedan between 1998-2003. In the survey, extra pulmonary tuberculosis formed 23.19% of all tuberculosis cases. A total of 417 patients [62.11% female and 37.89% male] were evaluated. Female between 15-24 years and male >65 years appeared to be predisposed to developing extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis lymphadenitis was the prevalent form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis [34.05%], fallowed by tuberculosis of pleural [12.23%], Tuberculosis of the bone [11.99%] in the order. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis comprises one-fourth of all cases of TB. This figure is consistent with that of WHO. Tuberculosis lymphadenitis is the most common form of extra pulmonary among women and young individuals

[ infected Hydatid cyst with Budd - chiari syndrome manifestation in Zahedan]

Hydatid cyst is among the most common etiologies of hepatic cysts and is caused by Echinococcos granulosus. Dogs are definitive host and human may be infected accidentally. Liver is the most common site of involvement [70%]. Generally the cysts remain asymptomatic only if its size expanded too much it causes symptoms such as dyspepsia, a mass in right lower quadrant, pain and other manifestation such as obstructive jaundice and secondary infection. As it is reported here, an infected hydatid cyst in this case became large enough to put pressure on IVC and hepatic vein causing Budd - chiari syndrome. The patient presentation was ascitis and lower limb edema because of portal vein hypertension. After imaging studies she became candidate for operation, and she underwent successful incomplete Liver resection, abscess drainage, hepatoraphe and billiary drainage