ABSTRACT
The enamel of the permanent first molars is initiated at about the 20[th] weeks in uterine. The first partially mineralized enamel matrix is laid down, starting at the sites of future cusps. At birth, the secondary mineralization has started at the cusps and the mineralization continues during the first years after birth. The researches indicated that any stressful event during birth [like cesarean section delivery] is likely to result in clinically evident enamel defects. A few researches considered the possible relation between type of delivery and enamel defects. To investigate the relationship between type of delivery and enamel defects of the first permanent molar. In this analytical historical cohort study, 120 children who were 7-8years-old and had born by cesarean delivery and 120 children at the same age who had born by normal vaginal delivery were chosen to examine clinical feature of their first permanent molars. In cesarean group, there were 60 children who had born by urgent cesarean and 60 children by elective cesarean. The birth files of 1999- 2000 years were extracted and the information about type of delivery, mothers age, and infants health at birth was collected. Enamel defect was recorded according to DDE index. Data was analyzed by T-test and x[2] test. Findings showed enamel defects of the first permanent molars in children who born by cesarean delivery were significantly more than children born by normal vaginal delivery [70% versus 40.8%]. But there weren't any significant relationship between the prevalence of enamel defects in two types of cesarean [30% versus 33%]. According to results, it is necessary to explain the importance of cesarean as a cause of effective factor on child's first permanent morals and have to aware dentists and parents
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Dental Enamel , Amelogenesis , Molar , Cesarean Section , MothersABSTRACT
Introduction: the biophysical profile is one of the best methods of assessment of fetal well-being and prediction of adverse prenatal outcomes. Non stress test is a part of biophysical profile which had a high rate of false positive and decreased the score of biophysical profile that resulted to increase cesarean rate due to early intervention for termination of pregnancy
Objective: prenatal outcomes in high risk pregnancies with abnormal biophysical profile score without Non stress test
Materials and Methods: this c ross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 1000 women with high risk pregnancy who was admitted in Alzahra hospital for delivery. Information about variables were found according the contents of their files such as maternal age, gestational age, parity, cesarean rate, 1 and 5 minutes Apgar score <7, fetal heart abnormalities rate, meconium passage, low birth weight, fetal and neonatal death, and preterm labour. The score of biophysical profile 6-8 was considered normal and score <6 were considered abnormal. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 and chi-square and Fisher Exact Test. P<0.05 was considered significant
Results: 1000 pregnant women with high risk pregnancy were evaluated in this study. 24.9% of them had biophysical profile score less than 6 which had considered abnormal. The comparison of the two groups showed that the rate of cesarean section, 1 and 5 min Apgar score < 7, fetal heart abnormalities rate, preterm delivery, and neonatal mortality rate were higher than in abnormal group [P<0.001]. But there weren't statistical significant differences between low birth weight, meconium passage, and fetal death in two groups
Conclusion: the biophysical profile without non stress test can be predicted poor prenatal outcomes in high risk pregnancies
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The objective of prenatal care is to reduce the rates of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity by early diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Satisfaction of the clients is a valuable means for performance assessment of the planners and executive authorities of health and treatment systems can lead to planning for promotion of the ways for providing the care services
Objective: Determine the satisfaction rate of prenatal care in two public hospitals in Rasht
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross- sectional study 600 pregnant women who were referred to two public hospitals of Rasht [Alzahra and Rasool -Akram] were selected with simple-randomized sampling. The data collection instrument consisted of two-part questionnaire including demographic variable and criteria of satisfaction. Score were measured according to likert scale. Data were analyzed SPSS 10 software and chi-square t- tests. P<0.05 was determined as statistical significance
Results: The mean age of women was 25.7 +/- 5.4. The majority of them were primipara, low literate, housewife, city-dweller and covered by the insurance. In general, the satisfaction rate among the majority of them was moderate [%62.7]; %37 were satisfied and only %0.3 dissatisfied. Satisfaction dimensions were as follows: %49.3 satisfied with the communication method of the care providers, %55.5 with the professional skills, %30.8 with the facilities for easy access to the drug and information, %24 with the welfare facilities, %9.2 with the available equipments, %40.3 with the organization, and %40.5 with the environmental accommodations. Also, in viewpoint of the costs, %23.1 was satisfied and the rest were either satisfied at a moderate level or dissatisfied. In a comparison between these two hospitals, a statistically significant relation was found among the communication manner of the service providers, easy access to the facilities, welfare facilities, devices and costs [p<0.05]
Conclusion: According to the results, the satisfaction rate among the majority of the clients with the prenatal services was moderate. By comparison between two hospitals, it appears that the Rasoole Akram hospital is in relatively better condition in meeting the satisfaction of the clients compared to Alzahra hospital. With regrinding to the existing weaknesses, could be designed appropriate planning for improving the satisfaction rate in prenatal services
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Age of mother at pregnancy can be one of the main risk factors for hazardous outcome of pregnancy
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between the maternal age and the outcome of pregnancy
Materials and Methods: this is descriptive cross-sectional analytic study that pregnancy outcome in women presenting to Alzahra hospital for delivery was assessed variable studied included enduced hypertension and diabetes in placental complication placenta abruption, placental previa preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes [PROM] was divided into 3 groups based on age /=35. Pregnant women in two groups: 17-34 and >/=35 were matched according to parity. Data collection analysis was carried out with chi-square test by SPSS.9 software
Results: In this survey, 6045 pregnant women with gestational age over 20 weeks were studied. Frequency of delivered women according to age group showed that 52 cases [%0.8] were /=35.Data showed that there were significant differences between the three age groups and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, placental abruption, placental previa, PROM, mal presentation, preterm labor and cesarean section [P<0/05]. In contrast, there wasn't a statistically significant difference between advanced maternal age and the frequency of PROM P>0/05
Conclusion: It appears that pregnancy in age >/=35 comparing with teenage pregnancy has special risk factors. Awareness of the risks and complications has an important role planning for appropriate prenatal services
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The HSG is a noninvasive method for tubal assessment in infertile couple and is used as screening test, but laparoscopy is the gold standard of tubal disease diagnosis, but it is not used as screening test due to its invasiveness and it's only used in special circumstances. Due to different results about concordance between these two methods, this study was undertaken
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess concordance between HSG and laparoscopy for tubal disease
Material and Methods: This is a prospective study and laparoscopy was done on 200 patients who underwent HSG for assessment of tubal disease from 1999-2002 in Alzahra hospital and then the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of HSG in tubal obstructive, hydrosalpinx and peritoneal adhesion was assessed. At last the concordance between two procedures was calculated
Results: The mean age was 28.5 +/- 5.1.The mean duration of infertility was 3.8 +/- 3.1 years. The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of HSG in tubal obstruction and concordance with laparoscopy are 60%, 81% and 36% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of HSG in hydrosalpinx and concordance with laparoscopy are 23%, 95% and 23% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of HSG in peritoneal adhesions, endometriosis and concordance with laparoscopy are 37%, 79% and 17% respectively
Conclusion: Our results showed the HSG isn't an accurate procedure for diagnosis of tubo-peritoneal pathology, It seems that not doing HSG by only one radiologist can intervene with the result because of different radiologist's experience in taking film and reports of graphy, therefore it can lead to false interpretation. It's suggested that another study for completing these results be carried out
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Mother and child health is one of the major concerns of public health throughout the world. Health education and increased knowledge of mothers in relation to their health is an important strategy for improving maternal and child health
Objective: The aim of this study was the survey of postpartum women's knowledge about complications and cares after delivery
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study that assesses postpartum women's knowledge about postpartum complications and cares in Alzahra hospital in spring of 2003. The subjects were selected with convenience sampling method [non-probability] from women with the same case. A standard questionnaire [designed by ministry of health] was used to collect the data. This questionnaire consisted of a two-part questionnaire which included: [1] the demographics [2] assessment of knowledge level. After data collection, analysis was carried out with chi-square test by spss.10 software
Results: In this study, 384 women were assessed. Data showed that the mean age of the women was 26.5 +/- 0.3 yrs. Only 10 cases [2.6%]of women had university education. The majority of subjects were housewives 389[95.8%]. An evaluation of their knowledge about postpartum complications and cares showed that 360 [93.8%] of them had very poor and 22[5.7%] of them had poor and 2[0.5%] of them had intermediate knowledge. The results indicated that there weren't statistically significant relationship between age, parity and information source with level of knowledge [P>0.05] but there were significant correlations between education level and job with knowledge level.[p<0.05]
Conclusion: Regarding the low level of the women's knowledge about postpartum cares and complications, the researchers suggest on increasing knowledge levels by means of holding different classes and counseling sessions and also continuous visiting of the patients which can help them to reach this goal