Advances in the relationship between frailty and cardiac surgery in elderly patients / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Frailty is a syndrome characterized by vulnerability to stressors due to loss of physiological reserve. In recent years, many researches have confirmed that frailty is a risk factor for postoperative complications of cardiac surgery, such as readmission, adverse cardiovascular events, and death in elderly patients. This paper reviews the concept of frailty, the relationship between frailty and cardiac surgery, the frailty assessment and intervention strategy in perioperative period, aimed at providing decision making basis for the risk stratification and perioperative management of cardiac surgery in elderly patients.

Research progress on gastrointestinal hemorrhage after cardiac surgery / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Although the incidence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage after cardiac surgery is low, the mortality rate is high. Early detection and diagnosis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage are difficult. The high risk phases including preoperation, intraoperation and postoperation. Preoperative high risk comorbidities include gastrointestinal ulcer, hypertension, coronary heart disease and chronic renal failure. Intraoperative high risk factors include decreased gastrointestinal blood perfusion due to cardiopulmonary bypass, inflammatory factors releasing, coagulation disorders, and thrombosis. Postoperative high risk factors include hypotension, low cardiac output, prolonged mechanical ventilation, etc. This article retrospectively summarized high-risk factors and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage after cardiac surgery, in order to improve prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage.