ABSTRACT
@# 腹膜转移癌是临床常见难题，其局部微环境近年来已逐步被关注和研究。腹膜和腹水构成了腹膜转移性癌灶特殊的 局部微环境，巨噬细胞是腹膜转移癌微环境中占比最多的免疫细胞群体，具有多种亚型，分泌多种细胞因子，参与多条信号通路， 在癌细胞存活、血管生成、腹膜侵袭和腹膜转移癌形成的过程中发挥了重要作用。近年来，细胞免疫治疗取得突破性进展，其中 靶向肿瘤微环境中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的免疫治疗逐步开展，多项临床试验正在进行中。本文对巨噬细胞在癌症腹膜转移过程中 发挥的作用，以及针对巨噬细胞可能的治疗靶点进行综述。
ABSTRACT
@# Objective： ：To detect the distribution of gene mutations in pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (PMCC) by highthroughput sequencing and to explore its clinical significance. Methods: Four cases of paraffin-embedded cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues from PMCC patients, who underwent surgical resection from January 2012 to December 2016, received NGS (next generation sequencing) examination using Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform. The characteristics of gene mutation in PMCC patients were analyzed with sequencing results and clinicopathological data. Results: Seven significantly mutated genes (SMGs) were detected in all four PMCC samples, namely KRAS, AHNAK2, MUC16, MUC17, MUC19, MUC3A and MUC4. Twenty-four SMGs were detected in 3 of the 4 samples, namely ADAMTS9, ALDH3B1, CARD14, CSMD3, MKI67, OR1N2, PKHD1, PLCE1, RTL1, SIGLEC12, CCDC168, CEP295, CUBN, DST, HRNR, LAMA5, OR10G4, OR2T4, PLEKHG4B, RP1L1, SLC15A5, SVEP1, TAS1R1 and TNRC18. KRAS-driven gene mutations were detected in all 4 samples, including K12 hot spot mutation in 3 cases and D33E non-hot spot mutation in 1 case. Conclusion: The high mutation of KRAS and MUC family in PMCC may be a potential target and biomarker for precise treatment of PMCC.
ABSTRACT
@#消化系统肿瘤是人类常见的恶性肿瘤，其中胃癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌的发病率和病死率均较高。免疫治疗作为一种新 的治疗方法，正逐步成为多种肿瘤的有效治疗策略之一。CTLA-4和PD-1是通过不同机制负调控T细胞活化的关键免疫检查点 分子。针对这些免疫检查点抑制剂，已经显示出临床疗效，并已获美国FDA批准用于多种实体瘤的治疗。其中，纳武单抗在延长 晚期肝癌患者生存期方面超过了索拉非尼，派姆单抗在PD-L1阳性晚期食管癌有效率可达30%，纳武单抗与伊匹单抗联合治疗 dMMR/MSI-H晚期结直肠癌的客观缓解率达到55%。本文就近年来免疫检查点抑制剂在消化系统肿瘤治疗中的研究进展进行 综述。
ABSTRACT
@#Objective: To construct a hsa-microRNA-224(miR-224) lentiviral expression vector and to establish pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma MCC1 cell line with stable miR-224 over-expression. Methods: Pri-miR-224 gene fragment was designed and amplified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and then loaded into GV369 lentiviral vectors (GV369-miR224) by gene recombination technology. GV369-miR-224 lentivrial expression vectors were then identified by PCR and DNA sequencing. The GV369-miR-224 vector fluid was then used to infect pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma MCC1 cell line to establish the MCC1 cell line stably over-expressing miR-224. The transfection efficiency of GV369-NC and GV369-miR-224 was observed under fluorescence microscopy; and the expression levels of miR-224 in MCC1, GV369-miR-224-MCC1 and GV369-NC-MCC1 cell lines were detected by RT-PCR. Results: The GV369-miR-224 lentiviral vectors were successfully constructed. GV369-miR-224-MCC1 and GV369-NC-MCC1 cells all emit green fluorescence under the fluorescence microscope. The expression level of miR-224 in GV369miR-224-MCC1 cell group was significantly higher than that in negative control GV369-miR-224-MCC1 group and blank control MCC1 cell group (23.45±1.94， 1.46±0.1 and 2.11±0.38, P<0.01), however, there was no significant difference between the two control groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: A pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma MCC1 cell line with stable miR-224 over-expression was successfully established, and this will provide a new cell model for exploring the function and pathogenesis of miR-224 in pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.
ABSTRACT
@# Over the last few decades progress in the field of stem cell biology makes a new kind of 3-D human cells in vitro culture techniques available, which is termed organoids because of its space structure similar to organs. Organoids derived from tumor tissues largely retained the biological characteristics of tumor tissue in vivo, and both the advantages of low cost and easy operation make up the defects of the previous conventional cancer models. Organoids can also be used for translational medical research, formulating individual therapeutic schedules including drug sensitive tests, and combining with many kinds of technologies. This article focus on the application and prospectsoforganoidsintumorresearch.