Profile of Patients with Special Needs Assisted at a Brazilian University

Objective: To characterize the profile of patients with special needs assisted at a Dentistry School of a Brazilian University. Material and Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was carried out through the analysis of 329 dental records from individuals with special needs assisted at the Dentistry for Special Needs Patients discipline between 2012 and 2017. Data on gender, age, race, monthly family income, schooling, medical diagnosis of the disabling condition, drug used and type of dental procedures performed were reviewed. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (Shapiro-Wilk and t-student tests) with 5% significance level. Results: There was higher prevalence of females (50.5%) aged 45-54 years (18.7%), low schooling (36.2%) and monthly income of 1 minimum wage (61.9%). Most special needs were chronic systemic diseases (67.2%) and endocrine-metabolic diseases (16.7%). Among patients investigated, 66.3% used anti-hypertensive (38.3%) and anti-inflammatory (20.6%) drugs. Of dental procedures performed, curative procedures were the most prevalent in the majority of patients (90.6%). Conclusion: The profile of most patients with special needs was characterized by females with chronic systemic diseases and mean age of 39.6 years, low schooling and monthly family income of up to 1 minimum wage, whose main reason for the visit was the search for curative dental treatment.

Agreement Between Reports of Parents and Children About Children's Oral Health-Related Quality of Life

Abstract Objective: To assess agreement between reports of parents and children about children's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Material and Methods: A total of 50 pairs of preschool-aged children, aged 5-6 years and their parents, who sought dental care at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Amazonas, answered the Brazilian version of the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for 5-year-old children (SOHO-5). SOHO-5 was completed through face-to-face independent interviews. A specific instrument containing information about demographics and socioeconomic conditions of children and their families was also applied to parents. Children's oral examinations were performed for the diagnosis of dental caries (dmft). The agreement between total and items scores was evaluated using the means comparison and the correlation analysis, calculated by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) Results: There was a significant difference between the means of parent-child reports in total scores (p=0.0028) and items associated with difficulty speaking (p=0.038) and difficulty playing (p=0.0034). Children reported worse OHRQoL than their caregivers, suggesting different perceptions between them. The ICC for the total score of parent-child reports was 0.44 (95% CI, 0.02-0.68). Higher SOHO-5 scores were found in children with dental caries experience Conclusion: Moderate agreement was observed, suggesting that the reports of parents should be complementary to those of preschool children about the OHRQoL, allowing the clinician to make the best treatment decision, according to the different views and expectations of both.

Acuidade visual e desempenho escolar de estudantes em um município na Amazônia Brasileira / Visual acuity and academic performance of students in a Brazilian Amazon municipality

Objetivo: Avaliar a deficiência na acuidade visual e sua associação com o desempenho escolar em escolares. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 1.050 estudantes entre 05 e 17 anos de idade, da rede pública de ensino de Barcelos, Amazonas. O exame foi realizado na própria escola e com o auxílio da Escala optométrica de Snellen. Resultados: Dos 1.050 estudantes submetidos ao exame, 526 (50,1%) pertenciam ao sexo feminino. A frequência para baixa acuidade foi de 6,3% (66/1050). Entre os alunos avaliados, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em nível de 5% para acuidade visual e desempenho escolar (p = 0,223). Conclusão: O estudo indicou baixa frequência para déficit visual nos estudantes da rede pública de ensino de Barcelos - AM. Apesar disso, aconselha-se a realização de ações voltadas à saúde ocular em toda rede pública de ensino, visando à prevenção e o tratamento precoce desses estudantes.

Concentração de açúcares presentes em alimentos infantis industrializados consumidos por crianças de Manaus-AM / Concentration of sugars in industrialized children's foods consumed by children of Manaus-AM

Objetivo: Determinar a concentração de açúcares presente em alimentos infantis industrializados consumidos por crianças da cidade de Manaus (AM). Método: Selecionaram-se aleatoriamente seis tipos de alimentos infantis industrializados, em triplicata, com lotes diferentes, os quais foram comprados em supermercados de Manaus e divididos em três grupos: Grupo 1- Bebidas; Grupo 2- Papinhas de Frutas para Bebês e Grupo 3 - Bolachas doces. Determinou-se, pelo método de Lane-Eynon, a concentração de açúcares redutores em glicose e os não redutores em sacarose dos mesmos. As concentrações de açúcares encontradas foram comparadas às contidas nos rótulos dos produtos analisados. Na análise dos dados foi utilizada a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e na comparação das médias em relação aos diferentes produtos foi aplicado o teste estatístico de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Constatou-se diferença estatisticamente significante na comparação da média do percentual de açúcar redutor em glicose em relação aos diferentes produtos (ANOVA - p menor que 0,001). Na comparação dois a dois, pelo teste de Tukey, a papinha de fruta de maçã (34,22%) e de pera (22,34%) apresentaram as maiores médias de açúcares redutores em glicose (p= 0,03), enquanto o biscoito Bono sabor chocolate (52,83%) e o bolinho de baunilha com recheio artificial de chocolate (39,34%) apresentaram as maiores médias de sacarose (p=0,02). Conclusão: Altas concentrações de açúcares, superiores às especificadas na embalagem, foram encontradas na maioria dos alimentos infantis industrializados investigados, expondo crianças desde a mais tenra idade a um desafio cariogênico significativo.

Objective: To determine the concentration of sugars in industrialized children's foods consumed by children living in the city of Manaus-AM. Method: Six types of industrialized children's foods were selected, in triplicate, with different lots, which were purchased at supermarkets of Manaus, and divided into three groups: Group 1- beverages; Group 2- baby fruit paps; and Group 3 - Sweet cookies. The Lane-Eynon method was used to determine the concentration of reducing sugars in glucose and non-reducing sugars in sucrose of the foods. The concentrations of sugars were compared with those contained in the product labels. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the analysis of data and the Tukey's test was used for comparison of the means in relation to the different products. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: There was statistically significant difference in the comparison of the percent mean of reducing sugars in glucose for the different products (ANOVA; p less than 0.001). Two-by-two comparisons by the Tukey's test showed that apple (34.22%) and pear (22.34%) baby paps presented the highest means of reducing sugars in glucose (p=0.03), while "Bono" chocolate cookie (52.83%) and vanilla muffin with artificial chocolate stuffing (39.34%) presented the highest means of sucrose (p=0.02). Conclusion: High concentrations of sugars, superior to those indicated in the labels, were found in most industrialized children's foods evaluated in this study, exposing children at very early age to a remarkable cariogenic challenge.

Avaliação da concentração de flúor, do pH, da viscosidade e do teor de sólidos solúveis totais em enxaguatórios bucais fluoretados disponíveis comercialmente na cidade de Manaus - AM / Analysis of fluoride concentration, pH, viscosity and the total soluble solids content of commercially available fluoride mouthrinses in the city of Manaus - AM

Objetivo: Avaliar a concentração de fluoretos, o pH, a viscosidade e o teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) de enxaguatórios bucais fluoretados disponíveis comercialmente na cidade de Manaus - AM. Método: Foram selecionadas aleatoriamente seis marcas de enxaguatórios bucais fluoretados, adquiridos em drogarias da cidade de Manaus em triplicata, com lotes diferentes. A análise da concentração de flúor e do pH foi realizada mediante o uso do analisador de íons ORION 720A, enquanto na determinação da viscosidade foi utilizado um viscosímetro AVS - 350 (Schott), em temperaturas de 20 e 37ºC e o teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) foi determinado por meio da leitura da refratometria na escala °Brix. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância de ANOVA e ao teste de Tukey para demonstrar diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os enxaguatórios e os seus respectivos lotes. Resultados: A concentração de flúor encontrada nos enxaguatórios analisados variou entre 213,22 e 249,78 ppm, enquanto o pH da maioria dos enxaguatórios mostrou-se ácido, mas apenas duas marcas apresentaram-se potencialmente erosivas, com pH inferior a 5,5. A viscosidade a 20:C apresentou um intervalo de 1,28 - 2,56 mm²/s e quando a 37 ºC, um intervalo de 1,02 e 1,90 mm²/s. O teor de SST variou entre 7 e 22,50% na escala ºBrix. Conclusão: Dentre os produtos testados, o Colgate Plax® Kids apresentou elevado índice de Teor de Sólidos Solúveis Totais (ºBrix), de viscosidade e pH endógeno abaixo do considerado crítico.

Objective: To assess the concentration of fluoride, pH, viscosity and the total soluble solids (SST) content of commercially available fluoride mouthrinses in the city of Manaus - AM. Method: Six brands of fluoridated mouthrinses were randomly selected in triplicate. For each medicine, the average of these three evaluations was considered for statistical analysis.The analysis of the fluoride concentration and pH was performed using the Orion 720A ion analyzer, while to determine viscosity the viscometer AVS - 350 (Schott) was used at temperatures of 20 ºC and 37 ºC and total soluble solids content (TSSC) was determined by reading the Brix scale refractometer. Data were subjected to analysis of variance ANOVA and Tukey test to demonstrate statistically significant differences between the mouthrinses and their respective lots. Results: The fluoride concentration found in mouthrinses analyzed varied between 213.22 and 249.78 ppm, while the pH of most mouthrinses showed to be acid, but only two brands were potentially erosive, with a pH below 5.5. Viscosity at 20°C showed an interval from 1.28 to 2.56 mm²/s, and when at 37 ºC, an interval of 1.02 to 1.90 mm²/s. The TSS content varied between 7 and 22.50% in the Brix scale. Conclusion: Among the products tested, Colgate Plax Kids presented a high level of total soluble solids content (ºBrix), viscosity and endogenous pH below the critical consideration.