ABSTRACT
Objective Hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There is limited data on hypertension prevalence in India. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of hypertension among Indian adults. Methods A national level survey was conducted with fixed one-day blood pressure measurement camps across 24 states and union territories of India. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mmHg or a diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or on treatment for hypertension. The prevalence was age- and gender-standardized according to the 2011 census population of India. Results Blood pressure was recorded for 180,335 participants (33.2% women; mean age 40.6 ± 14.9 years). Among them, 8,898 (4.9%), 99,791 (55.3%), 35,694 (11.9%), 23,084 (12.8%), 9,989 (5.5%), and 2,878 (1.6%) participants were of the age group 18–19, 20–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, and ≥ 75 years, respectively. Overall prevalence of hypertension was 30.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.5, 30.9) and the prevalence among women was 23.7% (95% CI: 23.3, 24). Prevalence adjusted for 2011 census population and the WHO reference population was 29.7% and 32.8%, respectively. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of hypertension, with almost one in every three Indian adult affected.
ABSTRACT
Chronic stable angina (CSA) is an incapacitating disorder. The pain can hinder the routine chores of an individual and significantly impact one’s quality of life (QoL). However, the good news is that this can be treated and the QoL can be improved. The key to apt management lies in the accurate early diagnosis of this condition, followed by a detailed evaluation and accordingly planned management, which should be regularly revised and be backed by an adequate follow-up. OPTA-OPtimal Treatment for chronic stable Angina-is an educational initiative to assist the clinicians in India with screening and diagnostic tools, strengthened by updated guideline-directed management to ensure satisfactory patient outcomes. OPTA aims to improve clinical outcomes by providing optimized pharmacotherapy for patients with stable angina. This expert consensus document intends to provide information for better understanding of the condition by clinicians and to ensure an early, accurate diagnosis, followed by optimal management of angina. For better clinical and practical understanding of Indian clinical scenario, the most commonly encountered patient profiles are briefly described here. These inputs and an extensive literature review were blended to develop the recommendations for clinicians across the country. An attempt is made to include clinical recommendations that meet the needs of the majority of patients in most circumstances in the Indian scenario. However, the ultimate judgment regarding individual case management should be based on clinician’s discretion. This expert consensus document is not a substitute for textbooks and/or a clinical judgment.