ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the drugs susceptibility pattern of mycobacterium tuberculosis [M.TB] in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis [MDR-TB] patients' attendants in North Western, Pakistan
Study Design: Cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Peshawar Tuberculosis Research Laboratory [PTRL], Provincial TB Control Program Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, [KP] from August 2013 to March 2014
Material and Methods: A cross sectional study in which four hundred and eighty sputum samples from MDR-TB patients' attendants were processed for the detection of M.TB through Ziehl-Neelsen staining, Lowenstein-Jensen, BACTEC MGIT-960 culture and line probe assay
Results: Out of 480 samples, 06 [2.1%] were found positive for M.TB through Ziehl-Neelsen staining while 10 [2.8%] were positive through LJ and BACTEC MGIT-960 culture. The 10 positive samples were further subjected to drugs susceptibility testing and line probes assay test to find out rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin and ethambutol resistant and it was found that 6 M.TB isolates were resistant while 4 were sensitive to rifampicin and isoniazid. Among the 6 resistant M.TB strains, 4 showed mutation in rpoB gene at 531, 516 and 526 codons
Conclusion: Majority of MDR-TB patients' attendants had drug-resistant tuberculosis and the rate of drug susceptible TB was low
ABSTRACT
To compare impact of ibuprofen and acetaminophen premedication on the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block in irreversible pulpitis. Randomized controlled trial. Operative Department, AFID Rawalpindi from 18 September 2007 to 17 September 2008. Three hundred and sixty patients with irreversible pulpitis were divided into two groups. At base line patients pain was recorded. Ibuprofen was given to patients in group A and acetaminophen to group B patients. Patients were given drugs in tablet form. After 30 minutes cold test with ethyl chloride was done and patient pain was recorded on visual analogue scale. Inferior alveolar nerve block was administered. Forty five minutes from base line cold test was performed and pain was recorded. Access to the endodontic cavity with round bur in high speed handpiece was made and patient response was noted. Inferior alveolar nerve block was successful if patient had no pain to cold test at 45 minutes and on access to cavity preparation. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 12. There was no statistically significant difference between ibuprofen and acetaminophen on success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block in patient with irreversible pulpitis. Ibuprofen and acetaminophen premedication has similar efficacy on success of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis.
ABSTRACT
To analyse the diagnostic role of Ct scan in proptosis in paediatric age group. Material and All Children with proptosis who were sent from eye unit for CT scan were included in the study. A proforma was where all the necessary information was entered. At the end of study these were analyzed. A total of 50 patients were evaluated. There were 34 males and 16 females. The mean age was 6.3 years. Besides proptosis [100%], visual deterioration [50%] was the most common symptom. Tumors were the most common [56%] cause of proptosis. Out of these retinoblastoma, optic nerve glioma were on the top of the list. This was followed by the inflammatory disease process [24%] in frequency. CT was carried out in all the case and it gave excellent in the evaluation of the disease process and further management of the patient