Urinary tract infection; an old disease in the new age

To document the common microorganisms causing UTI in human and their resistance to currently used antibiotics. PMRC, Research Center Khyber Medical College Peshawar. Retrospective analytical study. Jan 2000 to June 2003. Evaluation results of 597 urine cultures performed during the period, on clinically suspected referred subjects. Bacterial growth was obtained in 35% samples. Common micro organisms in decreasing order of yield are E. CoIi, Klebsiella, Staph aureus, Proteus species and pseudomonas isolated from 80, 7.1, 5. and 1.5% samples respectively. 100% sensitivity is observed for imipenum. Efficacy next in decreasing order was for Amikacin, Tarivid, Ciproxin and Rocephin. Esch. Coli is the predominant etiological organism of UTI and imipenum is the drug of choice to which over 80% of all the different organisms are sensitive. Constantly changing sensitivity pattern of the organisms responsible for UTI demands a periodic check for better selection of drug and reduction of consequences of the disease

Impact assessment of salt iodization on the prevalence of goiter in district swat

Background: To eliminate Iodine Deficiency Disorders, [IDD] universal salt iodization is the widely practiced intervention. District Swat [a hilly area of NWFP, highly endemic for IDDs is selected as a first model district of the province for salt iodization program

Objectives: To find out the proportion of the families using iodized salt, iodine contents of the salts used by the families, urinary iodine levels in school children and the effect on goitre prevalence in Swat selected as a model district in 1998

Subject and Methods: The study was conducted in 960 children of both sexes, age 8-10 years in primary schools of district Swat in the year 2000. A replicate model used for base line study in 1998 was adopted. The students were clinically examined for goitre using palpation method. 960 edible salt samples for its iodine content and 240 urine samples for iodine level were analysed

Results: The overall goitre prevalence was found to be 52 and 45% in boys and girls respectively. 23% salt samples were found un-iodized, while in 25.6% the iodine content was less than 7ppm. The results revealed 18% decrease in total goitre rate and 35% increase in the use of iodized salt from the base line survey conducted in 1998, in school children of district Swat

Conclusions: The study revealed that since the area of Swat is still highly endemic for Iodine Deficiency Disorders, sustained efforts are required to ensure 100% salt iodization

Hypoglycaemic potentials of withania coagulants and zizyphus sativa

Hypoglycaemic activity of two plant species was investigated in normal rabbits and diabetic patients. No hypoglycemic activity was found in aqueous extract of Withania coagulans, while its ethanolic extract showed significant results [P<.05] after 24 hours of drug intake. Maximum reduction [35 and 31% respectively] in blood glucose level was found in diabetic patients after 4 hours of drug ingestion. Zizyphus sativa chloroform extract produced a highly significant [P<.01] glucose lowering effects as compared to its ethanolic extract [P<.01]. The animals loaded with glucose and the two test drugs showed a highly significant result [P<.01] within a time period of 1 to 2 and a half hours post drug administration

Serum electrolytes in uremia

Sera from seventy uremic patients selected randomly were analysed for their electrolytes [Na+, K + G1 and CO2]. Marked hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypochloremia was associated with 51.4, 40 and 45.7 percent cases respectively. Fourteen percent cases had serum C02 concentration above normal showing contraction alkalosis. I.V. fluid used in majority of cases was dextrose in water and combined with the use of diuretic "Lasix" which may be attributed to the higher percentage of hyponatremia and hypokalemia in this study

Serum electrolytes in uremia

Sera from seventy uremic patients selected randomly were analysed for their electrolytes [Na+, K+, Cl- and C02]. It has been found out that marked hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypochloremia is associated with 51.4, 40 and 45.7% cases respectively. 14.2% of cases had serum CO2 concentration above normal showing contraction alkalosis. I.V. fluid used in majority of cases was dextrose in water and combined with the use of diuretic "Lasix" which may be attributed to the higher percentage of hyponatremia and hypokalemia in this study