Ground water in southern areas of Faisalabad; biochemical analysis

Objective: To evaluate biochemically the water pollution by estimating various quality parameters of ground water supply available in the southern area of Faisalabad. Design: Prospective study Setting: Biochemistry Department Punjab Medical College Faisalabad and Soil Research laboratory of AARI Jhang Road Faisalabad. Duration: May 2000 to September 2000

Material and Methods: Different parameters were divided into three different categories i.e. Highly-desirable [HD], Maximum-permissible [MP] and In-Tolerant [IT] limit groups

Results: Total Hardness [HD] showed 35% in HD, 40% in MP and 25% in IT limits. Similarly Total Dissolved Solids [TDS] were 23% in HD, 52% in MP and 25% in IT range. The Ca was 30%in HD, 50% in MP and 20% in IT limits. The Mg showed 50% in HD, 38% in MP and 12% in IT range. Similarly Cl was, 45% in HD, 32% in MP and 23% in IT range. Lastly SO4 percentage showed 45% in HD, 37.5% in MP and only 17.5% in IT limit

Conclusions: The result showed that people living in Bawaywala area were consuming highly polluted water and similarly the peoples of other colonies are using more or less the same type of water

Acute lymphoblastic leukemias; haematologic comparison between two treatment protocols

The present study conducted by the authors showed that in 1st group out of 21 cases, 3 left and remaining total 18 patients of ALL who received conventional treatment 16 [92%] showed complete remission and 2 died showed non-remission. In this group 10 [62%] showed complete remission after 2 months while 6 [38%] showed remission after 3 months. Similarly in 2nd group out of 21 cases, 4 left and in remaining 17 patients who received conventional therapy without L-asnase 16 [94%] showed complete remission and 1 [8%] died. The 16 patients who were in remission and received conventional treatment along with L-asnase enzyme showed complete remission in 14 [87%] cases after 2 months of treatment and 2 [13%] after 3 months of duration. The estimation of various parameters were continued till 6 months which showed maintenance of remission in 15[94%] patients in 1st group and all [100%] patients in 2nd group. This showed that the recommended chemotherapy without any L-asnase is less effective as induction of remission therapy while the addition of L-asnase enzyme in that treatment resulted in intensification of results which are maintained for longer time

Deranged serum lipids, a cause or effect of hypertension; serum lipids comparison between healthy and hypertensive subjects

OBJECTIVE: To find out deranged serum lipids, a cause or effect of raised blood pressure. SETTING: Punjab Institute of Cardiology Jail Road Lahore. DESIGN: Prospective study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of ninety four male subjects between 40-55 years of age were included in the study. out of these sixty three were patients of hypertension, selected from outdoors, while the remaining thirty one were taken from general population as control for comparison. Depending upon the levels of blood pressure the hypertensive subjects were divided into mild [DBP 104 mm Hg] and moderate [DBP 114 mm Hg] hypertensive groups. The serum levels of total cholesterol, were 182.31 mg/dl +/- 28.08 mg/dl in normotensive control group while these values were 205.96 mg/dl +/- 15.79 mg/dl and 261.45 mg/dl ' 57.40 mg/dl in mild and moderate hypertensive subjects. The mean serum levels of HDL cholesterol in the above three groups were 45.25 +/- 4.35 mg/dl, 42.36 +/- 2.76 mg/dl and 37.66 +/- 3.45 mg/dl. The mean serum levels of LDL cholesterol as determined by applying the formula were 102.49 +/- 29.07 mg/dl, 128.98'21.69 mg/dl and 175.32 +/- 63.72 mg/dl and man serum levels of triglycerides were 176.75 +/- 42.45 mg/dl, 175.79 +/- 58.47 mg/dl and 200.44 +/- 102.82 mg/dl in normotensive, mild and moderate hypertensive subjects respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The serum total cholesterol was increased in the hypertensive group as compared to control group. The mean serum HDL cholesterol level was significantly lower in hypertensive than in normotensive control subjects. Similarly the mean serum LDL cholesterol was higher in hypertensive as compared to normotensive subjects, while serum triglycerides showed controversial results