ABSTRACT
Chronic myeloid leukemia [CML] is a malignant clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells which results in increase of myeloid cells, erythroid cells and platelets in the peripheral blood and hyperplasia in bone marrow. Pterocarya fraxinifolia; [Juglandaceae] is widely distributed in northern area of Iran. The research evaluates the cytotoxic effect of n-butanol fraction, aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extracts of P. fraxinifolia leaves on K562 cell line as a model of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leaves of P. fraxinifolia collected from Astara city and extraction using soxhlet method. K562 cells were cultured and treated with concentrations of extracts [12.5-400 micro g/ml]. Cytotoxicity of P. fraxinifolia extracts against K562 leukemia cells was estimated by the MTT test method. The absorbance was measured using an ELISA plate reader at 540 nm. Ethanolic extract showed the highest cytotoxic effect [IC[50]=148.66 +/- 11.64 micro g/ml] whereas n-butanol fraction extract were least cytotoxic effect [IC[50]=248.97 +/- 6.71 micro g/ml] among the extracts. Aqueous and methanol extracts showed the cytotoxic effect with the IC[50]=183.14 +/- 4.71 and 226.02 +/- 6.08 micro g/ml on K562 cell line. Both ethanolic and n-butanol fraction extracts exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on K562 cell line. Considering the cytotoxic effects aqueous and alcoholic extracts of P. fraxinifolia leaves on K562 cells, the plant can be considered as a potential candidate for further studies on CML treatment