ABSTRACT
Cesarean delivery is a surgery for deliver a baby. Women with previous cesarean delivery [CD] must often choose between a vaginal delivery [VD] and repeat CD. Our aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with preference for CD in Neyshabur pregnant women with previous CD. A cross-sectional study was conducted on all pregnant women [who had previous caesarean delivery] from February 20, 2011 to March 20, 2011 in Northeast of Iran [Neyshabur]. Logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios [ORs] and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]. The mean age of pregnant women was 29.95 +/- 4.94 years. In this study of the 292 pregnant women, 235 [80.5%] said they prefer CD. There was a statistically significant relation between preference for CD and the following variables: pregnant women's educational level [P < 0.001; OR = 3.86; 95% CI = 1.85-8.05] and doctor's advice [P = 0.021; OR = 3.55; 95% CI = 1.21-10.43]. The pregnant women with a previous CD presented four-fold upper chance of choosing CD. As observed in this study, most pregnant women with previous caesarean delivery prefer repeated caesarean delivery rather than VD in their subsequent pregnancy and educational level of pregnant women and doctor's advice were important factors that influenced this preference. This subject suggests the need to counsel pregnant women with an obstetrician before select delivery type
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine if simvastatin pretreatment would change Clomiphene response in Clomiphene citrate-resistant [CC-R] women with [PCOS]
Materials and methods: This quasi experimental study included twenty five Clomiphene resistant women with PCOS. All patients received cyclic oral contraceptives pills [OCR] [SOpg of ethinyl estradiol and 150microg of desogestrol] from the 5th day of their spontaneous or progesterone [P] induced menstrual cycle; in addition, they received simvastatin [20mg/day] from the first day of cycle for two consecutive months. Then, patients were given 100 mg Clomiphene citrate [CO] [Iran Hormone, Iran] for five days starting from day three of their menstrual cycles. The primary outcome measures were ovulation and pregnancy rates. The change in body mass index [BMI], the mean number of follicles > 18 mm, the mean of follicular size and endometrial thickness on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin [HOG] administration were secondary outcome measures
Results: Ovulation occurred in 5 out of 25 [20 %] patients, but none of the patients conceived in this study. No important change in BMI was observed after using simvastatin [0.28+1.13; p=0.228]. In all patients with ovulation, the number of follicles > 18mm was one. The mean follicular size and endometrial thickness on the day of HCG administration were 19.67 +/- 2.04 and 7.00 +/-1.34, respectively
Conclusion: In this study, we did not observe the favorable effect on ovulation and pregnancy rates with CC following of simvastatin pretreatment in CC-resistant PCOS women. So, further studies with a larger number of patients, higher doses of CC and more cycles are necessary to make this obvious
ABSTRACT
Vaccination has achieved significant and cost effective success in prevention of infectious disease. Although the current vaccines used are very effective and their side effects are minimal, generally no vaccine is not free from side effects. Incidence of adverse reactions after immunization may discourage people for further immunization of their children. The aim of this work was to determine the incidence of complications of vaccination in children and infants of Semnan, Iran. In a longitudinal study [prospective], all vaccinated children between September 2006 and March 2007 in 11 vaccination centers were studied. A specific questionnaire, including vaccine recipient profile, type of vaccine, birth weight, feeding and 46 adverse reactions were completed immediately after and 2,4,6,12, 18 months later. 5776 children were studied. 29% of the children showed at least one adverse reaction of vaccination. The most common adverse reactions were: fever [24%], pain at injection site [3.8%], swelling [2.5%], erythema [2.5%], induration [2.1%], and ulceration at injection site [2.1%]. Incidence of other complications was below 1%. The most dangerous complication of the vaccine was encephalitis [one case] and two cases had febrile seizures. The most cause of hospitalization was adverse reaction of MMR vaccine. Finally, of every four children, one child showed at least one complication that fever was the most common. In general, routine immunization program of Iran country against nine common infectious diseases has lower complications. This complication is mainly mild and transient and do not need any intervention by drugs. However, among these may be rare and dangerous complications such as seizures and encephalitis occur. Hence, a careful follow-up program is required to report complications of immunization