ABSTRACT
Today, electronic mass media such as television [TV], influence behavioral patterns of their audiences. This study aimed to evaluate what messages on food advertisements related to oral health were transmitted [appeals] and how they were transferred [performance methods and artistic techniques] in Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting [IRIB]. In this cross sectional study, broadcasted advertisements on 4 important channels of Iran TV were recorded for a week from 8 am to 12 pm in 2012. The content and volume of food advertisements were investigated using a researcher-made check list. Advertisement group [food, non-food], food group [non-cariogenic, cariogenic], advertisement appeals [rational, emotional, and humor content], advertisement performance methods [hard-sell, soft-sell, presenting confirmation of Ministry of Health and Medical Education], and artistic technique were assessed. For variable comparison in groups a chi squared test and t-tests were used via SPSS software. Frequency of food advertisements [14.9%] were less than non-food advertising. Non-cariogenic food advertisements had higher frequency [12.09%] compared to cariogenic food [2.8%]. Rational appeal in advertising of non-cariogenic food had the most frequency [64.9%]. In contrast emotional appeal for cariogenic food was used more frequently [85.5%]. For cariogenic foods, a soft-sell approach was used more frequently [95.5%]. The most common artistic technique used in food advertising was music. Chemical and mechanical dental plaque control materials had a very low frequency [0.2%]. Advertising of cariogenic foods in Iran TV has low frequency
Subject(s)
Advertising/methods , Television/standards , Food , Cross-Sectional Studies , CarcinogensABSTRACT
Objective: To compare effect of Hypericum perforatum (H. perforatum) vaginal gel with metronidazole on bacterial vaginosis (BV) in terms of initial response to treatment and preventing recurrence (primary outcomes) and also patient complaints (secondary outcomes). Methods: In this double-blind, double dummy trial, married women aged 18-49 with BV were randomized into two groups and administered 5 g of 3% H. perforatum and placebo of metronidazole (n=82), or 5 g of 0.75% metronidazole and placebo of H. perforatum (n=80) vaginally for 5 d. Amsel criteria were used for diagnosis and assessing cure and recurrence of BV. The comparisons was done using Chi-square, Fisher's exact and logistic regression. Results: At 10-12 d, cure rate was 82% in the H. perforatum and 85% in metronidazole group (risk ratio 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.6 to 1.3). Among the cured women, recurrence rate was 9% in the H. perforatum and 13% in the metronidazole group at the 30-35 d visit (risk ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.4 to 1.3). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding any patient complaints, except itching which was less in H. perforatum group (5% vs. 16%, P=0.018 at the first and 13% vs. 43%, P < 0.001 at the second follow-up). No significant adverse event was reported at any groups. Conclusions: H. perforatum could be a good option for treatment of BV. However, further studies are needed for its public use.
ABSTRACT
Postoperative pain as an important medical concern is usually treated by opioids which also are of various inevitable side effects. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of multimodal preincisional premedication on preventing post-cholecystectomy acute pain. In a randomized clinical trial, sixty patients undergoing open cholecystectomy were randomized into two groups. Before anesthesia induction, Diclofenac suppository [100 mg] and oral Clonidine [0.2 mg] were administered in the first group. Immediately before operation, patients received Ketamine [1 mg/kg IV] while the control group received placebo. The site of incision was infiltrated by the surgeon with 20 mL Bupivacaine 0.25% in both groups. Anesthesia induction and maintenance were similar in both groups. The severity of pain was recorded 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after operation according to Visual Analogue Scale. The severity of pain at two defined stages [6 and 12 hours later] was significantly less in the intervention group than the control group [P<0.005]. The average pain severity score was less than the control group [P<0.005]. In our study, the administration of Clonidine, Diclofenac and Ketamine and bupivacaine infiltration to the site of incision, altogether was associated with a significant decrease in pain score and opioid requirement after cholecystectomy in comparison to bupivacaine infiltration to the site of incision.
ABSTRACT
Obesity has been reported to be associated with an increase in asthma in children. If there is any association, it could be attributed to an effect of obesity on lung volume and thus airway's obstruction. Data from 2413 children aged 7-12 years in Isfahan were analyzed. The subjects were included in this study if data were available for: height, weight, age, lung volume, and any measure of asthma, including history of diagnosed asthma, wheeze, chronic cough, and medication as obtained by questionnaire. Body mass index [BMI] percentiles, divided into quintiles per year age, were used as a measure of standardized weight. After adjusting for, sex, age, smoking and family history, BMI was a significant risk factor for wheeze ever [p = 0.000] and asthma ever [p = 0.000], diagnosed asthma [P=0.000] and current asthma [p = 0.000]. There was no significant correlation between BMI and obstructive spirometry. Increased BMI was significantly associated with an increased airway resistance. Despite the fact that higher BMI is a risk factor for, wheeze ever, wheeze and dyspnea in the last 12 months, and diagnosed asthma, higher BMI is not a risk factor for obstructive pattern in pulmonary function test
ABSTRACT
The objectives of this report are to assess the relative efficacy of topical dairy extract [MJ1] compared to intralesional meglumine antimonate in the treatment of histologically proven cutaneous leishmaniasis [CL]. A comparative trial was conducted in which 98 patients with a total of 154 lesions were randomly allocated to the two treatment groups. The first group [control] received meglumine antimonate 0.5-1 cc intralesion administration, for a total of four injections with one week interval. The second group received topical MJ1 agent as a paste applied to the lesions without cover three times a day for 30 days. Response to treatment was assessed at 1, 2, 3 and 8 weeks after the start of therapy. Of the 85 lesions treated with MJ1, the mean size of lesions decreased from 197 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 110 to 284] mm2 to 101.2 [95% CI: 57.3 to 145] mm2, 82 [96.5%] were reduced in size and 3 [3.5%] got worse. Correspondingly, in the 69 lesions treated with meglumine antimonate, the mean size of lesions increased from 113.6 [95% CI: 73.0 to 154.0] to 158.1 [95% CI: 94.9 to 221.0] mm2, 57 [82.6%] were reduced in size and 12 [17.4%] got worse. The differences were statistically significant [p<0.001]. This study demonstrates that topical treatment with MJ1, agent is more effective than Glucantime and is an effective alternative to meglumine antimonate for the treatment of CL
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Plants, Medicinal , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Meglumine , Dairy Products , Injections, Intralesional , Administration, Topical , Meglumine/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Information on the magnitude of the problem of childhood asthma in rural areas of Iran and the factors influencing its occurrence is inadequate. This study was carried out to measure the prevalence of asthma among school-aged children in Zarinshahr and factors, which determine its occurrence. A questionnaire-based study carried out in 33 randomly selected school classes in Zarinshahr. The age of participants ranged from 6 to 13 years. Overall, 1309 questionnaires were returned. The prevalence rates of asthma diagnosed previously, asthma ever in life, current asthma, nocturnal symptoms and exercise induced cough were1.2%, 14.7%, 5.9%, 11.3%, and 19.4%, respectively. Allergic rhinitis and allergic chronic cough were presented in 1.9% and 2.4% of the children. A positive family history of similar disorder, early childhood respiratory infection, paternal smoking and keeping cats at home were significant factors influencing the development of asthma, while children's gender and parental education did not