ABSTRACT
Arteritis due to Strongylus vulgaris is a well-known cause of colic in horses and donkeys. The current report describes a fatal incidence of arterial obstruction in cranial mesenteric artery caused by S. vulgaris infection in an adult donkey in which anthelmintic treatment was not regularly administered. Necropsy findings of the abdominal cavity revealed a complete cranial mesenteric arterial obstruction due to larvae of S. vulgaris, causing severe colic. To the authors' knowledge, a complete cranial mesenteric arterial obstruction due to verminous arteritis has rarely been described in horses and donkeys. Based on recent reports of fatal arterial obstruction due to S. vulgaris infection in donkeys, it may be evident to consider acute colic caused by this pathogenic parasite a re-emerging disease in donkeys and horses
ABSTRACT
Characteristics of differentiated osteoblasts from adipose derived stem cells [ADSCs] in compared with isolated osteoblasts from normal bone such as calvaria are unknown. The aim of this study was determination and comparison of phenotypic characterization between differentiated osteoblasts from stem cells and calvaria osteoblasts in vitro. In this study, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from adipose tissue of human by enzymatic digestion and were differentiated into osteoblasts using osteogenic medium. Characteristics of these cells at first, second, third and fourth weeks were comprised with calvaria osteoblasts that were isolated from human calvaria by explanation culture method. To screen the characteristics of both calvaria and the differentiated osteoblasts, we used western blot to identify protein levels, von Kossa staining for mineral matrix detection and alkaline phosphatase [ALP] assay kit [Sigma] for ALP activity measurement. Difference between calvaria and differentiated osteoblast cells were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen and mineral material production in differentiated osteoblasts at third week were more significantly than calvaria cells [P < 0.05]. Our results indicated that there was no significant different in osteocalcin [OC] production between differentiated osteoblast at first, second and third weeks and calvaria cells but declined at fourth week [P < 0.05]. Our survey showed that cellular traits of differentiated osteoblasts presented better than calvaria osteoblasts in vitro conditions. Therefore, we suggest that ADSCs could be used in next studies for bone tissue engineering
Subject(s)
Skull , Osteogenesis , Bone and Bones , Osteoblasts , Alkaline Phosphatase , Tissue EngineeringABSTRACT
To assess the prevalence of food insecurity and associated factors among rural households in north-east of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 4647 rural households [18,061 persons] were studied in Neyshabur, a city in north-east of Iran. The Iranian version of the Six-Item Short questionnaire of Household Food Security Scale was used to measure food insecurity. Logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios [OR] and 95% confidence intervals [CI]. Total prevalence of food insecurity in this study was 40.9% [95% CI 39.49-42.31]. Backward Multivariate Logistic Regression model showed that OR of food insecurity increased with: The presence of chronic disease in household in comparison the absence [OR = 2.02], the rural distance >30 km from the city in comparison the distance 50 m[2] [OR = 1.57], the presence of single parent in comparison the presence of both parents at home [OR = 1.39] and the household income [per month] <4,000,000 Rial in comparison the >/= 4,000,000 Rial [OR = 3.92]. But OR of food insecurity decreased with having a car in family in comparison not having [OR = 0.54] and the family having a house in comparison not having [OR = 0.62]. According to results of this study, food insecurity is prevalent among rural households of Neyshabur, so it is an important public health problem in this region