ABSTRACT
Background: Damage caused by traumatic brain injury [TBI] depends on the extent of primary and secondary damages. The latter can cause induced neurological inflammation by releasing pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Measurement of serum interleukin-6 [IL-6], as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, can be useful in predicting outcome in patients with TBI.
Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 44 patients with GCS/= 14 years, hospitalized in Poursina teaching hospital, were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from patients in the first 6 hours after the accident; and serum was tested by ELISA method for the determination of IL-6 levels. Patients' outcomes were recorded 6 months after head injury according to Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS], and were divided in two good [GOS >/=4] and bad [GOS<3] outcome groups. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version18 using the Spearman's rho, independent-t test, Fisher Exact test and Mann-Whitney test.
Results: Comparison of IL-6 serum levels, in the two groups after 6 months of head injury, showed that mean serum levels of IL-6 in good outcome group was lower than bad outcome group [85.2 +/- 51.6 vs. 162.3 +/- 141.1, respectively] [P <0.03].
Conclusion: Elevated serum levels of IL-6 in patients with severe TBI, is associated with poor clinical outcome.
ABSTRACT
Head injury [HI] is preventable and knowledge of the epidemiology of children's HI is essential for developing preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to survey pediatric HI patients admitted to emergency wards at Poursina Hospital in Rasht, Iran, from 2009 to 2010, and to identify the cause of HI in these children. In this retrospective study, all HI patients under the age of 18 who were admitted to emergency wards between March 2009 and March 2010 were enrolled in the study. Demographic, etiologic, and injury data were collected and a descriptive analysis was performed. A total of 668 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 10.4 +/- 5.3 years. The most frequent cause of HI was traffic accidents. The mean Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score was 14.5 +/- 1.6. The ratio of boys to girls was approximately 3 to 1. The ratio of boys to girls increased with increasing age [P < 0.01]. Moreover, an association was found between age at injury and etiology of HI as well as a significant association between age at injury and the place of event [P < 0.01]. The incidence of childhood HI due to traffic accidents is high [81% of pediatric trauma cases]. Thus, motorcyclist education and improvement in traffic engineering for pedestrians and bicyclists should be included in prevention programs