ABSTRACT
Trauma occurs in 7% of pregnancies and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the mother and fetus. The present study was conducted in Kashan in 2009-2010 to evaluate the causes of trauma in pregnancy. This descriptive study analyzed data from 32 pregnant women with trauma who were referred to the maternity hospital from 2009 to 2010. Data included age, gestational age, mother's occupation, cause of trauma, maternal-fetal complications, gravidity, and parity. The diagnosis of maternal and fetal complications was based on clinical examinations by a gynecologist and results of blood tests, urine analysis tests, and sonography. Data were analyzed as frequency distributions. The causes of trauma included falling [9 cases [28.1%]], abdominal trauma [8 cases [25%]], spousal feud [3 cases [9.4%]], motorcycle accident [2 cases [6.25%]], car accident [2 cases [6.25%]], falling from a motorcycle [2 cases [6.25%]], falling or fainting resulting in head trauma [1 case [3.1%]], pain from crossing over a bump in the car [1 cases [3.1%]], and unspecified causes [4 cases [12.55%]]. The causes of traumas occurred between 5 and 40 weeks of gestation. In 17.2% of the cases, trauma occurred prior to 20 weeks of gestation. However, there was no significant relationship between the cause of trauma and maternal age or gestational age. Vaginal bleeding and retroplacental clots were reported in 2 [6.25%] cases and 1 [3.1%] case, respectively. Nearly half of the women presenting with trauma had experienced spousal feud or domestic violence; therefore, it is necessary to recognize spousal abuse and provide adequate support to traumatized pregnant women
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Hospitals, Maternity , Domestic ViolenceABSTRACT
Objective[s]: To assess the reliability and validity of the Q-LES-QSF in Iran
Methods: The Q-LES-QSF includes 14 items. Each item was graded in 1-5 scale, and total score was converted to maximal percentage. This scale English version was translated to Persian through back and forward method. Demographic data questionnaire, one item life satisfaction scale and SWLS were also used. The samples were selected using random stratified method in Kashan Nursing and Midwifery Faculty [n=161].Reliability was determined via internal consistency [Item total Correlation, Cronbach's alpha, and split-half] and stability [test re-test]. Validity was determined via Criterion-Related validity [Concurrent V] and Construct Validity [Known-groups approach]. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, Intraclass correlation coefficient, Equal-Length spearman-brown, Guttman and independent t-test by SPSS-11
Results: In 0-100 scale, Subjective well-being score was 57.04+/-19.17. The questionnaire reliability coefficient was 0.93-0.96. Item-total correlation and test re-test confirmed its reliability too. Its concurrent validity with SWLS [r=0.71, P<0.0001] and one item life satisfaction scale[r=0.78, P<0.0001] was confirmed. The known-groups approach also revealed this tool is valid [P<0.0001]
Conclusion: The Q-LES-QSF Persian version for evaluation of subjective well-being in the university students is valid and reliable. It's suggested after the revision in the question of "satisfaction with sexual activity or interests "more studies are carried out