The Effect of Developmental Supportive Positioning on Pain from Venipuncture in Preterm Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

@#Introduction: One non-pharmacological method of pain relief is the application of developmental supportive positioning which is a useful method for achieving this goal. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of developmental supportive positioning on the pain from venipuncture in preterm neonates admitted to the NICU. Methods: In this clinical trial, 54 preterm neonates admitted to the NICU were divided into control and intervention groups using the randomized block method. The neonates in the intervention group were put into developmental supportive positioning for 20 minutes, and then venipuncture was performed in both groups. Changes in the neonates’ facial expressions as well as neonatal physiological parameters including heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood oxygen saturation were collected at three time points: immediately after needle insertion, two minutes and five minutes after needle removal. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 21 software. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of facial expression changes, heart rate and neonatal blood oxygen saturation at two and five minutes after needle removal in the intervention and control groups (P <0.05). The comparison of the mean respiratory rate of the neonates at two and five minutes after needle removal showed no significant difference between the intervention and control groups (P >0.05). Conclusion: It seems that developmental supportive positioning of preterm neonates has a positive effect on the relief of the pain caused by venipuncture. Considering the importance of pain control in preterm neonates, it is recommended to use this method when doing venipuncture.

Investigating the relationship between religious attitudes with some sexual characteristics and marital satisfaction among women of reproductive age

Background: Religious values and attitudes can be considered as a guideline for sexual relationship and gender related roles

Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the relationship between religious attitudes, and some sexual characteristics with marital satisfaction among females of reproductive age in 2014 – 2015

Methods: The current descriptive-analytical study investigated the relationship between religious attitudes and some sexual characteristics, and marital satisfaction on 210 females of reproductive age. Firstly, cluster sampling was conducted. The sexual trait questionnaire and religious attitude scale, which contains 25 questions in 6 areas related to the religious attitudes, were distributed. Sexual trait questionnaire includes questions on pre-sex motivations, premature ejaculation, young couple's education, couples' intimate relationships, and finally couples' satisfaction. Chi-square test was applied to analyze the data, using SPSS software

Results: The mean age of the study population was 30.35 +/- 7.52 years. According to the Chi-square result, there was a significant relationship between religious attitudes and pre-sex motivations [P = 0.001], young couples` education [P = 0.005], couples' intimate relationships [P = 0.002], and couples' satisfaction [P = 0.001]. However, there was no significant association between early ejaculation and religious attitude [P = 0.11]

Conclusions: The results revealed a significant relationship between religious attitudes and pre-sex motivation, sexuality, and sexual arousal. Therefore, education on sex-based issues and couples' intimate relationships, which leads to decreased premature ejaculation and more sexual satisfaction, seem to be necessary. The results of the current study showed a significant relationship between religious attitudes, sexuality and sexual arousal. Also, the need for sex education and emotional intimacy between male and female are necessary to reduce premature ejaculation and enhance sexual satisfaction

Comparison of the effect of dry cupping therapy and acupressure at Bl23 point on intensity of postpartum perineal pain based on the short form of McGill pain questionnaire

Background: Perineal pain is a major morbidity in the first few days after delivery. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dry cupping therapy and acupressure at BL23 point on the intensity of postpartum perineal pain based on the short-form of McGill pain questionnaire [SMPQ]

Methods: The present clinical trial was conducted on 150 subjects in 3 groups of 50 cases. After at least 4-8 hr of delivery, cupping therapy was performed for 15-20 min up to 3 times a week [once a day] and acupressure was performed for 15-20 min based on clockwise model. The short-form of McGill pain questionnaire was completed both before and after the intervention. The SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data using repeated measures ANOVA. Besides, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant

Results: In the cupping therapy group, mean of the perineal pain intensity reduced from 37.5 +/- 6.8 before the intervention to 11.1 +/- 6.1, 6.9 +/- 4.7, and 3.8 +/- 3.6 immediately, 24 hr, and 2 weeks after the intervention, respectively. The results of study showed that the differences between the intervention and control groups were statistically significant [p<0.01]. Mean difference of the perineal pain intensity in the acupressure group reached from 35.6 +/- 8.1 before the intervention to 10.4 +/- 5.5 two weeks after the intervention, so the variation between intervention and control groups was statistically significant

Conclusion: The study findings showed that cupping therapy and acupressure reduced perineal pain. Therefore, they may be considered as effective treatments for reducing pain intensity of allowing delivery

[Comparison of the effect of dry cupping therapy and acupressure at bl23 point on the primiparous women's intensity of postpartum perineal pain: a randomized clinical trial]

Postpartum Perineal Pain [PPP] is one of the most common problems within the puerperium period particularly among the primiparous women. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dry cupping therapy and acupressure on acupoint BL23 on postpartum perineal pain severity among the primiparous subjects referring tothe selected educational center affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. This clinical trial was conducted on 150 cases in 2012. Cupping therapy was done every other day consecutively 4 times taking 15-20 minutes. Besides, acupressure was applied according to the circular model for 20 minutes. Both interventions were performed max. 8 hours after labor. The patients filled out the VAS questionnaire. Then, the data were analyzed using Chi-square tests.The significance level was considered p<0.05. In the cupping group, the mean difference of postpartum perineal pain intensity reached from 9.0 +/- 1.4 before the intervention to 4.8 +/- 1.6, 2.4 +/- 1.6, and 1.3 +/- 1.2 immediately, 24 hours, and 2 weeks after the intervention, respectively and the results of repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant difference between the three follow-up periods [p<0.05]. On the other hand, this measure reached from 8.5 +/- 1.8 before the intervention to 6.6 +/- 1.6, 4.6 +/- 1.8, and 3.1 +/- 1.4 immediately, 24 hours, and 2 weeks after the intervention, respectively in the acupressure group, however, the reduction was not significant [p> 0.05]. The results of this study showed that the mentioned techniques led to pain relief. Therefore, given the significant reduction in pain in cupping therapy group, this intervention can be applied as an effective treatment for reducing perineal pain

effect dry cupping therapy at acupoint BL23 on the intensity of postpartum low back pain in primiparous women based on two types of questionnaires, 2012; a randomized clinical trial

Continuous low back pain is obviously related to the symptoms of the pregnancy period. In spite of the spontaneous improvement of the pain in less than 6 months after the delivery, some women experience chronic problems. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of dry cupping therapy at the BL23 point on the intensity of low back pain in the primiparous using visual analogue scale and short-form McGill pain questionnaire. In the present clinical trial, 100 samples were randomly allocated randomly to either the cupping therapy or the control group. Cupping therapy was performed for 15-20 minutes every other day up to 4 consecutive times. Visual analogue scale and short-form McGill pain questionnaire were completed by the two groups before the intervention and immediately, 24 hours, and 2 weeks after that. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software [v. 16] and analyzed using chi-square test and repeated measures ANOVA. According to the visual analogue scale, the mean intensity of low back pain in the cupping therapy group decreased from 7.8+2.7 before the intervention to 3.7+1.8, 2.5+1.7, and 1.4+1.4 immediately, 24 hours, and 2 weeks after the intervention, respectively. Besides, these measures were respectively obtained as 31.8+10.8, 9.0+6.7, 7.5+6.6, and 3.6+4.1 in the short-form McGill pain questionnaire. According to repeated measures ANOVA, a significant difference was observed among the various stages of follow-up [P=0.01] The study results showed cupping therapy to be effective in sedation of pain. Thus, it can be used as an effective treatment for reducing the low back pain