Associations of Oxalate Consumption and Some Individual Habits with the Risk of Kidney Stones / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Kidney stone is a highly recurrent disease in the urinary tract system. Most kidney stones are calcium stones, usually consisting of either calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate. Supersaturation of soluble calcium, oxalate, phosphate, and citrate in the urine is the basis for calcium stone formation. Genetics, diet, low physical activity, and individual habits contribute to the formation of kidney stones. In this review, the associations of the risk of kidney stones with oxalate consumption and some individual habits, such as smoking, alcohol drinking, and opium consumption, are summarized.

Effect of ibuprofen and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on the reduction of pain after initial archwire placement: a double-blind randomized clinical trial / Efecto del ibuprofeno y el ultrasonido pulsado de baja intensidad en la reducción del dolor después de la colocación inicial del arco de ortodoncia: un ensayo clínico aleatorizado doble ciego

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of ibuprofen and low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the reduction of pain after the placement of initial archwire in orthodontic patients. Material and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial study was carried out on 60 female candidates for fixed orthodontic treatment referring to the Orthodontic Department of School of Dentistry in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, during 2015-2016. The subjects were divided into four groups of ibuprofen, LIPUS, placebo, and mock LIPUS. A questionnaire and a rectangular and flexible cubic silicone were given to each patient to record the severity of pain based on the visual analog scale at specified time points (i.e., 2 h, 6 h, at bedtime, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th days after archwire placement) when biting the silicone block with the anterior and posterior teeth and without biting at all. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used in order to compare the pain severity at different time points. Results: The comparison of pain severity at various time points showed that the highest and lowest mean scores of pain were reported at bedtime and seven days after the intervention (p<0.001). In each of the three conditions (i.e., biting the silicone block with the anterior and posterior teeth and without biting the teeth) at six time points (i.e., 2 h, 6 h, at bedtime, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th days following archwire placement), no significant difference was observed in the severity of pain (p>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, LIPUS (with a frequency of 1 MHz and an intensity of 100 mW) and ibuprofen have no significant effects on reduction of the pain severity at different time points and various conditions in orthodontic patients.

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el efecto del ibuprofeno y el ultrasonido pulsado de baja intensidad (LIPUS) en la reducción del dolor después de la colocación del arco inicial en pacientes de ortodoncia. Material y Métodos: Este estudio de ensayo clínico doble ciego se llevó a cabo en 60 candidatas a tratamiento de ortodoncia fija referidas al Departamento de Ortodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Mashhad, Mashhad, Irán, durante 2015-2016. Los sujetos se dividieron en cuatro grupos: ibuprofeno, LIPUS, placebo y LIPUS simulado. Se entregó un cuestionario y un bloque de silicona cúbica rectangular y flexible a cada paciente para registrar la intensidad del dolor según la escala analógica visual en puntos de tiempo específicos (es decir, 2 h, 6 h, hora de acostarse, 2do, 3er y 7mo día después de la colocación del arco) al morder el bloque de silicona con los dientes anteriores y posteriores, y sin morder en absoluto. Se utilizó el análisis de varianza de medidas repetidas para comparar la intensidad del dolor en diferentes momentos.Resultados: La comparación de la intensidad del dolor en varios puntos de tiempo mostró que las puntuaciones medias de dolor más altas y más bajas se informaron a la hora de acostarse y siete días después de la intervención (p<0,001). En cada una de las tres condiciones (es decir, al morder el bloque de silicona con los dientes anteriores y posteriores, y sin morder) en seis momentos (2 h, 6 h, antes de acostarse 2do, 3er y 7mo día después de la colocación del arco), no se observó diferencia significativa en la severidad del dolor (p>0.05).Conclusión: En conclusión, LIPUS (con una frecuencia de 1 MHz y una intensidad de 100 mW) y el ibuprofeno no tienen efectos significativos en la reducción de la severidad del dolor en diferentes puntos de tiempo y diversas condiciones en pacientes de ortodoncia.

Association between the clinical severity of oral lichen planus and anti-TPO level in thyroid patients

Abstract This study considered a possible relationship between the severity of oral lichen planus (OLP), serum anti-TPO autoantibodies (TPOAb) titer and thyroid disease in OLP patients. Forty-six OLP patients with positive TPOAb results (> 35 IU/ml) who had also been diagnosed with thyroid disease were included in the study group. The control group consisted of 46OLP patients with no thyroid disease. The study and control groups (92) were divided to two subgroups of erosive OLP (EOLP) and non-erosive OLP (NEOLP). Serum TPOAb levels and IL-8 (to measure OLP severity) were evaluated using the independent t-test, chi-square and conditional logistic regression analysis (α = 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between serum IL-8 and TPOAb levels in the study group (r = 0.783; p = 0.001). The positive blood levels of TPOAb were significantly associated with an increased risk of EOLP (OR = 4.02 at 95%CI; 1.21–13.4; p = 0.023). It is possible to used positive serum TPOAb levels in patients with OLP as in indicator of possible undetected thyroid disorders in those patients. Because erosive OLP has been associated with TPOAb in thyroid patients, it may be useful to determine TPOAb levels of such patients to diagnose a possible undetected thyroid disorders and follow-up for malignancy.

[Validation study of spiritual health questionnaire from Islamic view]

Background: Humans health has various dimensions and spiritual health is placed at the top of these dimensions. When an individual has a higher spiritual health, he will get closer to God. The purpose of this study was to evaluate validation of spiritual health questionnaire from Islamic view using explanatory factor analysis [EFA].

Materials and methods: In this descriptive- analytical study, one hundred nurse students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences were selected using stratified sampling. Spiritual health questionnaire based on Islam's perspective was used in this study which consisted of 20 questions. Cronbach's alpha coefficients and explanatory factor analysis were used to assess the validity and internal consistency of the questionnaire

Results: Explanatory factor analysis showed that the spiritual health questionnaire is composed of six independent factors which had the following variance percentage: first, contemplation in spiritual health [variance of 14.2%]; second, responsibility causing a purposeful life [variance of 12.4%]; third, the role of having relationship with God in spiritual health [variance of 10.4%]; fourth, the believe that man is the most noble creature [variance of 10.4%]; fifth, God has created the world [variance of 9.9%]; and sixth, God does care about human problems [variance:8.4]

Conclusion: According to the results of explanatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha, the spiritual health questionnaire from Islamic view can be a useful tool for assessing spiritual health in Islam

Prevalence of parental postnatal depression in fathers and its relationship with demographic characteristics

Background: Childbirth brings many changes to family and fathers who are at risk of depression. During this period, fathers face a lot of challenges and several new roles. Negative effects of paternal postpartum depression [PPND] affect marital/partner relationships, infant bonding, and child development. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PPND and its relationship with some individual characteristics

Methods: This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The statistical population was all literate men whose wives had recently given birth to a child. The method of sampling was consecutive technique. A total of 328 men were recently become fathers. All samples completed the demographics questionnaire during their wives' hospitalization after delivery. Then 8 weeks later, they completed Edinburgh questionnaire at home or hospital. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test [using SPSS software version 14]

Results: The findings revealed that 59.8% of the fathers had postpartum depression, and depression rate was higher in the age range of 30-39 years [65.5%] [P=0.202]. The depression was more in men who were low-educated [61.8%] and whose partners were housewives [59.4%]. There is a significant correlation between men's employment and depression [P=0.018]. The depression was more in unemployed men; therefore, bad economic situation can be a reason for severe depression [65.5%]

Conclusion: Considering high prevalence parental postpartum depression and its multifactorial nature, dealing with each effective factor can decrease the probability of parental postpartum depression. Also, its prompt diagnosis and treatment decreases the consequences of this problem in mother, infant, and family and improves family performance and quality of life

study on the direct and indirect costs of multiple sclerosis based on expanded disability status scale score in Khuzestan, Iran

Multiple sclerosis is a common and chronic neurologic disorder. This disorder imposes physical, economic, and psychosocial burden on individuals, their families and society. This study aims to analyze the costs of multiple sclerosis disease based on the severity of disability. We performed a cross-sectional cost of illness study. This study was conducted in 332 patients of Khuzestan province of Iran. Data were included: Patient's characteristics, disability status, medical, and nonmedical costs and were gathered by using the questionnaire during 3 months period. Costs analysis was performed in the basis of expanded disability status scale [EDSS]. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 18 software. Mean age of the patients was 33.5 [standard deviation [SD]: 9.1] and 70.5% of patients were female. Mean EDSS score of the patients was 2.2 [SD: 1.6]. Most patients [92.1%] had relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis [MS] form of the disease. Costs mean per patients was 8.6 +/- 7.9 million Rial. The direct and indirect costs were 93.1% and 6.9% of total costs, respectively. The major cost of the disease belongs to the pharmaceutical treatment [22% of costs]. The majority costs [approximately 62%] attributed to EDSS of 6-7 and >7. Furthermore, there was strong significant relationship between cost of illness and disability severity of patients [P < 0.05]. Cost mean per MS patients was relatively high. Furthermore, the results showed that cost of disease had positive and significant relationships with EDSS score that is, progression of disability increase costs of patients

Orofacial pathologic lesions in children and adolescents: a clinicopathological study in southern Iran

Oral and maxillofacial lesions vary regarding their clinical presentation in different populations. Until now, oral and maxillofacial lesions in Iranian children and adolescents have not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the type and distribution of biopsied oral lesions among children and adolescents in Southern Iran. All the patients referred to the pathology department of Shiraz Faculty of Dentistry from 1991-2009 were enrolled in this retrospective, case-series study. The information regarding the patients' age, gender as well as the histopathologic type and anatomic location of the biopsied oral lesions in patients under 18 years was collected from patients' medical documents and were analyzed by SPSS version 11. Out of 2984 patients, 576 [19.3 %] cases were children and adolescents under 18 years. The most prevalent category was soft tissue lesions [45.5 %]. The most common lesion was peripheral giant cell granuloma [15.6%] followed by dentigerous cyst [14.2%] and pyogenic granuloma [11.3%]. Gingiva was the most common affected site. Male to female ratio was 1.2. Our results revealed that near 20% of orofacial lesions occur in children and adolescents with rather equal male to female ratio. The majority of lesions were soft tissue diseases with a reactive nature. Unlike other studies we had higher rates of soft tissue lesions. These data can help dentists and surgeons for more accurate management of their patients

[Comparison of perceptions of nurses and premature infants' mothers about mothers' needs in neonatal intensive care unit]

An important goal of nursing care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit [NICU] is to provide holistic care as well as the best possible outcome. Understanding perceived needs of mothers is valuable to achieve these goals. This study aimed to compare perceptions of nurses and premature infants' mothers about mothers' needs in the NICUs. This was a cross-sectional study in which 63 nurses and 63 mothers with premature infants were selected from the NICUs of four educational hospitals affiliated to the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences through stratified sampling method in two months. Data were gathered using the NICU Family Needs Inventory of Ward and were analyzed using descriptive-analytical statistical methods in the SPSS v.16. Among the subscales related to family needs, the following items were reported to be important by mothers: Proximity [95.3%], Assurance [94.1%], Information [91.1%], Support [79.7%] and Comfort [72.8%]. On the other hand, nurses believed that the following items were the most important needs of the mothers: Assurance [80.3%], Proximity [75.2%], Information [70.8%], Comfort [66.3%] and Support [64.8%]. According to study findings, nurses should periodically assess needs of the mothers in the NICUs to be aware of the actual needs instead of placing subjective assumptions on mothers needs. This can improve effective communication and interaction with mothers and enhance satisfaction of the mothers with care

[Mental health analysis and stress coping strategies in families caring for patients with epilepsy referring to Iranian association of epilepsy]

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent diseases in all countries. A family having a patient with epilepsy subjects itself to self regulation in order to organize their roles and rules, and attempt to develop consistent patterns of interaction. This is necessary for epileptic patients and their families in promoting mental health and using effective interactive skills. In this descriptive- correlation study, 150 families of epileptics referring to the Iranian association of epilepsy selected using a Systematic Sampling. For obtaining further information, a questionnaire was used. The first part indicated the demographic specifications of the patient's family, the second part showed the general health questionnaire [GHQ] and the third part indicated stress coping strategies Carver-Sheier-Weinrub questionnaires. The majority of the epileptic patients' families [56.7%] were not in an appropriate mental health condition. The majority of epileptic patients' families [92%] were employing stress coping strategies on a medium level, majority of epileptic patients' families who had medium mental health [93.8%] were using stress coping strategies in a medium level [S=0.3, P<0.0001]. The result may help promoting more mental health in the family of the epileptic patient and using of stress coping strategies in a more suitable level