ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the frequency of hormone receptors and Her2neu expression and their correlation with age in patients of carcinoma breast
Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, between the period 2006 - 2013
Methodology: Estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and Her2neu immunohistochemical staining was performed on all specimens of carcinoma breast of female patients. Allred scoring was followed using normal epithelium as internal control. Age was determined in years. Results were described as percentages
Results: Three hundred and forty-six cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast between the age of 20 - 90 years [mean= 49 +/- 14 years] were studied. Seventy-nine [23%] cases were below the age of 40 years. ER +ve cases were 210 [61%], PR +ve were 190 [55%], and 78 [23%] were Her2neu +ve. Three were 12 [3%] triple positive cases and 58 [17%] triple negative cases. One hundred and seven [31%] cases were ER/PR+ve and Her2neu -ve. Most of the breast cancer cases were aged between 41 - 50 years. Estrogen receptor positivity was maximum between 41 - 60 years. Fifty percent cases of carcinoma breast below 30-year age were also ER positive
Conclusion: A high proportion of breast cancer in young Pakistani females is alarming. Younger age harbours aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics. There is a due need for identifying high risk individuals/families including BRCA1 and BRCA2 testings, biologically driven trials devoted specifically to this group
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Immunologic Factors , Phenotype , Receptors, Progesterone , Receptors, Estrogen , Cross-Sectional Studies , PakistanABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of hypertension among urban bus drivers. To study the association of risk factors with hypertension among urban bus drivers. It was a descriptive cross sectional study. It was conducted at different bus halts of Karachi in the area of North Nazimabad, Safora Goth, Buffer Zone during the period of June 2011 to August 2011. A sample of 169 bus drivers were selected randomly and the data was collected by filling a questionnaire after taking a verbal consent. From our study, we found out that out of 169 drivers, 26[15.4%] were hypertensive