ABSTRACT
ObjectiveToinvestigatethecorrelationbetweenbloodpressurevariabilityandcognitive impairment in ischemic stroke. Methods The inpatients with acute ischemic stroke were enroled. The demographic and clinical data were colected. The coefficient of variation of blood pressure within 7 days after onset w as calculated. Montreal Cognitive Assessment w as used to evaluate the cognitive function at three month after onset. Multivariate logistic regression analysis w as used to identify the relationship betw een the coefficient of variation of blood pressure w ithin 7 days and the cognitive impairment at 3 months after onset. Results A total of 708 patients w ith acute ischemic stroke w ere enrol ed in the study. At 3-month folow-up, 510 patients (72.0%) had cognitive impairment and 198 (28.0%) had normal cognitive function. The coefficient of variation for systolic blood pressure ( 8.3 ±1.2 vs.8.7 ±1.4; t= -3.299, P=0.001) and coefficient of variation for diastolic blood pressure ( 7.8 ±1.3 vs.8.0 ±1.5; t= -2.529, P=0.012) in the cognitive impairment group w ere significantly higher than those in the normal cognitive function group. With the first quintile as a reference, after adjusting other confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis show ed that cognitive impairment at 3 months after onset w as significantly associated w ith coefficient of variation for systolic blood pressure. The odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for the 2-5 quantile groups w ere 2.33 (1.18-4.6), 2.31 (1.15-4.66), 2.70 (1.29-5.65), and 4.82 (1.92-12.1), respectively ( al P<0.05 ). Conclusion Systolic blood pressure variability in the acute phase of ischemic stroke is associated w ith cognitive impairment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare sleep electroencephalogram-modulated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (SEM-rTMS) with routine repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (R-rTMS) in the treatment of primary insomnia. Methods One hundred and twenty six patients with insomnia were divided randomly into a SEM-rTMS group (44 cases) , a R-rTMS group (42 cases) and a sham rTMS group (40 cases). Each case was treated with rTMS for 30 min once a day for 10 d under double blinding of the patient and therapist. The clinical effect was observed along with Krakow sleep scores, electroencephalograms and blood pressure before and after a 10-day course of therapy and 30 days later. Results During rTMS treatment, some patients reported feeling sleepy, and this was confirmed by their EEGs at the time. After the entire course of therapy, 80% of the SEM-rTMS group and 45% of the R-rTMS group showed improvements, a significant difference. At the 30th day after therapy, the effect in the SEM-rTMS group was still significantly better than in the R-rTMS group. There were no obvious side effects in any group throughout the whole observation period. Conclusions SEM-rTMS is more effective and more reliable than R-rTMS. SEM-rTMS is safe to use with primary insomnia patients.