ABSTRACT
This study was schemed to comprehend the latest kaleidoscopic trends of bacterial resistance in neonatal pathogens against all those antibiotics commonly employed as empirical therapy in neonates. The methodological approach included; isolation and subsequent identification of those pathogens having caused bacterial infections in neonates, application of antibiotic sensitivity testing and finally construing the conclusion depicting patterns of antibiotic resistance by various pathogens, isolated from neonatal biological samples. Antibiotic resistance patterns was evident in gram-positive as well as in gram-negative bacteria in all the eight species identified in this study. Even antibiotic drugs which are being commonly relied upon for treating multi-resistant bacterial infections, found to be in effective against many newly emerged resistant bacteria, when used alone. Resistance Antibiotics drugs against which most prominent resistance pattern emerged include; Amikacin sulphate, Linezolid, Piperacillin / Tazobactam, Amoxicillin / Clavulanic acid, Vencomycin, Cefoperazone / Sulbactam, Ceftriaxone sodium, Ciprofloxacin, Cefixime trihydrate and Imipenem. The inferred upshot suggests that antibiotic resistance is emerging fast and ever-changing phenomenon of antibiotic resistance has significantly reduced the therapeutic space to maneuver, particularly, in treating neonatal infections
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the clinical and therapeutic value of 4 and 3 drug fixed dose combinations verses single drug formulations to treat pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The occurrence of adverse effects was also monitored. A total of 293 patients having sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled [Male: 187 and Female: 106]. Patients with renal, hepatic, diabetic, cardiac problem and pregnancy were excluded from study. Patients were randomly selected into three groups [A, B, C]. Group A and B were given FDCs and group C was given single drug formulations. All patients received 4 drugs in the intensive phase and 3 drugs in the continuation phase. Group A showed the highest percentage of patients who achieved sputum conversion [98.9%]. The numbers of days taken to achieve sputum conversion on average were the least for Group B [32 days]. When comparing the adverse effects, the patients of Group C suffered the most, with 22 patients who vomited repeatedly, 3 complaining of itching, 2 with Jaundice and 1 dead. There was no significant difference in the efficacy among the three treatment regimens. However the side effects observed in all three groups strongly indicate that FDCs are safer for treating TB patients. There were no side effects in the continuation phase