ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: extended spectrum beta-lactamase [ESBL] production is increasing all over the world with limited treatment options. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of ESBLs in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, their molecular types and associated risk factors
Methods: total 86 clinical isolates of E. coli [n=46] and K. pneuinoniae [n=40] collected between January and June 2010, were screened for production of ESBL using combined disk method and Microscan . ESBL strains were further typed for the bla TEM/SHV/CTX-M genes by PCR using specific primers. Resistance to other antimicrobial agents was also studied. Various risk factors associated with ESBL infictions were analyzed by logistic regressions
Results: ESBLs were found in 52.2% E. coli and 60 % K. pneumoniae isolates. Majority of the typeable isolates harboured two or more ESBL genes [55.3%]. Overall blaCTX- M was the commonest genotype [78.9%] followed by blaTEM [57.9%] and blaSHV [34.2%] either alone or in combination. Sensitivity of ESBL isolates to other antibiotics was impemun and meropenum [100%], tygacillin 95% , Amikacin 79% , pipracillin /tazocin 58% and ciprofloxacin 31.6% while only 5% of strains were susceptible to gentamycin. Prior antibiotic exposure, use of intravenous device and urinary catheter, renal insufficiency and ICU admission were associated with ESBL infection on univariate analysis
Interpretation and conclusions: our study showed high ESBL occurrence with CTX- M as the emerging type. High co-resistance to other non B-lactam antibiotics is a major challenge for management of ESBL infections
ABSTRACT
Novel influenza A [H1N1] virus is the pathogen of recent global outbreaks of febrile respiratory infection
Objective: was to describe baseline characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of the majority of patients with confirmed 2009 influenza A [H1N1]
Subjects and methods: Ninety seven patients diagnosed as Infleunza A [H1N1] infection by reverse transcriptase real time PCR [RT-PCR] were analyzed for demographic data, symptoms and signs, duration of illness, dose and duration of treatment, and clinical outcomes. Nasopharyngeal swab or tracheal aspirate were obtained from these patients [52 males and 45 females]
Results: Among 95 patients diagnosed as influenza A [H1N1]; 74.2% were in age group from 14 to 40. All patients were positive by RT-PCR, all received antivirals and most of them recovered without complications [95/97], with only two complicated. Conclusion: Infleunza A [H1N1] in that Saudi hospital was acute respiratory illness which tended to be mild and spread rapidly. Measures is needed for rapid diagnosis, prevent spreading and effective treatment at the appropriate time