ABSTRACT
This study was done to determine the frequency of anxiety, depression among those who exercise regularly and those who do not. A cross-sectional study was conducted at different gymnasiums of Karachi in July-August 2013. A total 269 individual's ages were 18 - 45 years completed a self-administered questionnaire to assess the data using simple descriptive statistics. One hundred and thirty four individuals were those who did not perform exercise which included females [55.0%] being more frequently anxious than male [46.4%]. Females [39.9%] were more frequently depressed as compared to males [26.4%] less depressed. Chi-square test showed association between anxiety levels and exercise was significantly increased in non-exercisers compared to regular exercisers found to be significant [p=0.015]. Individuals who performed regular exercise had a lower frequency of depression [28.9%] than non-exercisers [41.8%]. Physical exercise was significantly associated with lower anxiety and depression frequency amongst the studied adult population
ABSTRACT
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma [JNA] is an uncommon tumor constituting less than 1% of all head and neck tumors. Tumor has an aggressive local behavior if left untreated. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment with no common consensus on a single approach. Tumour stage and surgical approaches are the major determinants of tumour recurrence. To evaluate the influence of stage of tumor in recurrence in nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Descriptive study. Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, PIMS, Islamabad and Ayub medical institution, Abbottabad. Jan 2010 to Jan 2014. Consisting of 34 diagnosed cases of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. CT-scan was done in all patients and were treated surgically except one patient who was irradiated. All patients were followed up for one year. Among 34 patients, 24 patients were classified as stage III, 4 were in stage II and 5 were in stage IVa and one in stage IVb. 17.6% [6/34] of patients had disease recurrence. Stage IVb was treated by radiotherapy while the rest were treated surgically. Patients were followed up for one year both by clinical examination and imaging. Recurrence was found in 5 operated patients and residual disease in stage IV b. 1 [20%] patient of stage Iva disease and 4 [16%] patients of stage III disease had disease recurrence. Disease recurrence/ residual is directly related to the tumour stage in nasopharyngeal angiofibroma