ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this research was to verify the effectiveness of an eight week quadriceps strengthening program on pain, function and quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Material and methods: A hundred patients were randomized into two groups. Experimental Group- A performed open chain exercises in form of isometric quadriceps and straight leg exercises 5 days a week for 5 days whereas Control Group - B did not perform any exercise. The outcome measures or dependent variables selected for this study were pain intensity, isometric quadriceps strength, and knee function. All the measurements were taken at baseline (week 0) and at the end of the trial at week 5. Results: In between group comparisons, the maximum isometric quadriceps strength, reduction in pain intensity, and improvement in function in the isometric exercise Group - A at the end of the 5 th Conclusion: The 5 week isometric quadriceps exercise program showed beneficial effects on quadriceps muscle strength, pain, and functional disability.
ABSTRACT
In routine dissection of upper extremity, in a 70yrs old male cadaver, we found the abnormal branching pattern of the third part of axillary artery on the right side. The third part of axillary artery divided into medial and lateral trunks. The medial trunk is referred to as deep brachial artery and lateral trunk is referred to as superficial brachial artery. The superficial brachial artery continues as brachial artery in arm and finally in cubital fossa divides into radial and ulnar arteries. The deep brachial artery at its origin was trapped by two roots of median nerve and later divided in to Subscapular artery, Anterior circumflex humeral artery, Posterior circumflex humeral artery and profunda brachii artery. The branching pattern of the axillary artery was normal on left side. This variation is important for surgeons for lymphectomies, to anesthesiologist and orthopedic surgeons considering the frequency of procedures done in this region.