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J. bras. pneumol ; 42(2): 114-120, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-780890

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine whether the severity of non-neurological critically ill patients correlates with clinical predictors of bronchial aspiration. Methods: We evaluated adults undergoing prolonged orotracheal intubation (> 48 h) and bedside swallowing assessment within the first 48 h after extubation. We collected data regarding the risk of bronchial aspiration performed by a speech-language pathologist, whereas data regarding the functional level of swallowing were collected with the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System (ASHA NOMS) scale and those regarding health status were collected with the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA). Results: The study sample comprised 150 patients. For statistical analyses, the patients were grouped by ASHA NOMS score: ASHA1 (levels 1 and 2), ASHA2 (levels 3 to 5); and ASHA3 (levels 6 and 7). In comparison with the other patients, those in the ASHA3 group were significantly younger, remained intubated for fewer days, and less severe overall clinical health status (SOFA score). The clinical predictors of bronchial aspiration that best characterized the groups were abnormal cervical auscultation findings and cough after swallowing. None of the patients in the ASHA 3 group presented with either of those signs. Conclusions: Critically ill patients 55 years of age or older who undergo prolonged orotracheal intubation (≥ 6 days), have a SOFA score ≥ 5, have a Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 14, and present with abnormal cervical auscultation findings or cough after swallowing should be prioritized for a full speech pathology assessment.


Objetivo: Correlacionar a gravidade de pacientes críticos não neurológicos com preditores clínicos do risco de broncoaspiração. Métodos: Participaram do estudo adultos com histórico de intubação orotraqueal prolongada (> 48 h) e submetidos à avaliação da deglutição à beira do leito nas primeiras 48 h após a extubação. Dados relacionados a avaliação fonoaudiológica clínica do risco de aspiração broncopulmonar, nível funcional da deglutição por meio da escala American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System (ASHA NOMS) e status de saúde pelo Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) foram coletados. Resultados: A amostra do estudo foi composta por 150 pacientes. Para fins da análise estatística, os pacientes foram agrupados com base nos escores ASHA NOMS: ASHA1 (níveis 1-2), ASHA2 (níveis 3-5) e ASHA3 (níveis 6-7). Os indivíduos no grupo ASHA3 eram significativamente mais jovens, permaneceram intubados por menos tempo e apresentaram menor gravidade de quadro clínico geral (escore SOFA) do que os indivíduos nos demais grupos. Os preditores clínicos de broncoaspiração que melhor caracterizaram os grupos foram achados de ausculta cervical alterada e presença de tosse após a deglutição. O grupo ASHA3 não apresentou esses sinais. Conclusões: Pacientes críticos com idade ≥ 55 anos, período de intubação ≥ 6 dias, gravidade de quadro clínico geral (escore SOFA ≥ 5), escore na Escala de Coma de Glasgow ≤ 14, ausculta cervical alterada e tosse após a deglutição devem ser priorizados para a avaliação fonoaudiológica completa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Bronchial Diseases/etiology , Critical Illness , Deglutition Disorders/complications , Respiratory Aspiration/etiology , Critical Care , Cross-Sectional Studies , Deglutition Disorders/physiopathology , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Risk Assessment/methods , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors
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