In vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and anti- proliferative activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles - Phoenix dactylifera (Rothan dates)

Abstract Traditionally dates is consumed as a rich source of iron supplement and the current research discuss the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using methanolic seed extract of Rothan date and its application over in vitro anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activity against lung cancer cell line (A549). FTIR result of synthesised AgNPs reveals the presence of functional group OH as capping agent. XRD pattern confirms the crystalline nature of the AgNPs with peaks at 38º, 44º, 64º and 81º, indexed by (111), (200), (220) and (222) in the 2θ range of 10-90, indicating the face centered cubic (fcc) structure of metallic Ag. HR- TEM results confirm the morphology of AgNPs as almost spherical with high surface areas and average size of 42 ± 9nm. EDX spectra confirmed that Ag is only the major element present and the Dynamic light scattering (DLS) assisted that the Z-average size was 203nm and 1.0 of PdI value. Zeta potential showed − 26.5mv with a single peak. The results of the biological activities of AgNPs exhibited dose dependent activity with 68.44% for arthritic, antiinflammatory with 63.32% inhibition and anti-proliferative activity illustrated IC50 value of 59.66 µg/mL expressing the potential of AgNPs to combat cancer

Corrigendum to “Antiobesity and antihyperlipodemic effect of Ixora coccinea on Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemia in rats: An approach to evaluate asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis using thermography” Chinese Herbal Medicines 11 (2019) 326–331 (Chinese Herbal Medicines (2019) 11(3) (326–331), (S1674638419300498), (10.1016/j.chmed.2019.05.006)) / 中草药·英文版

When this paper was first published the following ethical statement was omitted in error: The experiment was approved by Institutional Animal Ethical committee (IAEC) with an approval number (KSRCT/BT/IAEC/2017/20) and the experiment was conducted at Animal House facility, KS Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

Antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic effect of Ixora coccinea on Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemia in rats: An approach to evaluate asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis using thermography / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Obesity and hyperlipidemia is the major cause of many pathological diseases with an increase side effects using allopathic drugs. The present study focuses on the effect of Ixora coccinea on Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemia in rats and associated complications. Methodology: In vitro radical scavenging activity of I. coccinea was assessed using DPPH, FRAP and hydrogen peroxide. In vivo antiobesity and antihyperlipidimic activity of I. coccinea was tested in Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats and assessed for its biochemical parameters in blood and tissue samples. The relationship between physiological responses and regulation of body temperature was investigated by using animal surface temperature images captured with infrared camera. Results: The results of mineral analysis, antioxidant, total flavonoid and phenolic content represented high amount of mineral and had the potential to scavenge free radicals tested with DPPH, FRAP and hydrogen peroxide radicals with dose dependent activity. The highest activity was observed in aqueous extract, DPPH with 71.5% inhibition, FRAP with 56.8%, H2O2 with 33% activity at 100 µg/mL concentration. Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats when treated with I. coccinea aqueous extract showed significant activity by regulating the biochemical parameters and maintaining the lipid profile by decreasing TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, TG and improving HDL-C levels. Similarly, the elevated levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, AST, ALT, ALP due to induction of hyperlipidemia, were brought back to near normal levels after treatment with I. coccinea. The levels of tissue anti-oxidants enzymes like SOD and CAT were also found to be improved in treated I. coccinea groups. The whole body asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis showed that significant decreases in temperature was observed in obesity induced groups but a gradual increase in temperature (2%–5%) was observed after treatment. Conclusion: Thus, the results indicated that I. coccinea can be a drug of choice to decrease the risk of complications associated with hyperlipidemia and obesity.

Larvicidal potential of selected indigenous lichens against three mosquito species–Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Mosquitoes are the major transmitting vectors of serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year with undesirable effects, including toxicity to non-target organisms. Some plants with insecticidal properties have been used in recent years for the control of a variety of pest insects and vectors. In the quest for alternative natural biological control agents against mosquito larvae lichens were selected. Method: Larvicidal activity was assessed with methanolic extracts of Parmotrema reticulatum, Parmotrema kamatti, Parmotrema tinctorum, Parmelia erumpens, Leptogium papilosum, and Roccella montagnei against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. The standard WHO protocols with minor modifications were adopted and the bioassay was evaluated at the concentrations of 100–500 µg/mL for each lichen. Since all the lichen extracts showed complete mortality against C. quinquefasciatus in 100 µg/mL, the concentrations were decreased to 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 µg/mL for C. quinquefasciatus. Larval mortality was observed for 24 h after treatment. Results: All the lichen extracts exhibited activity against third instar larvae of A. aegypti and A. stephensi at 100 µg/mL, and 100% mortality was observed against the vector C. quinquefasciatus at 100 µg/mL. The highest larvicidal activity was found with L. papilosum against A. aegypti (LC50 = 81.127 µg/mL) and A. stephensi (LC50 = 89.10 µg/mL). Similarly, P. tinctorum and R. montagnei when tested against C. quinquefasciatus with minimum concentration <100 µg/mL exhibited significant activity with LC50 values of 5.32 and 6.97 µg/mL. Conclusion: The bioassay results revealed larvicidal potential of lichens especially against C. quinquefasciatus with high mortality even at lower concentration. Hence, lichens can be used as an ideal sustainable approach for the control of lymphatic filariasis caused by vector C. quinquefasciatus.

Ameliorative potential of Solanum trilobatum leaf extract and fractions on lipid profile and oxidative stress in experimental diabetes

Solanum trilobatum Linn is a medicinal plants used in India from many centuries to cure various diseases. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the ameliorative potential of the ethanolic leaf extract and fractions of Solanum trilobatum [St] against alloxan induced diabetic rats. Solanum trilobatum leaf extract and fractions were administered orally at two different concentration [100-200mg/kg body weight] to alloxan induced diabetic rats. The antidiabetic efficacy was validated through various biochemical parameters, enzyme assays, renal markers and antioxidant properties were also determined. The phytochemical analyses of St leaves were done by estimating their Chlorophyll, carotenoids, total sugar, protein, amino acid and minerals contents. The results revealed that the leaf extracts and fractions of St were efficient anti hyperglycemic agents and posses potent nephro-protective activity. However, the extracts of St leaves at a concentration of 200mg/kg bw exhibit higher efficacy in all tested concentrations. From the result it can be concluded that the leaf extracts of St can be a potential candidate in treating the hyperglycemic conditions and justifies its use in ethano medicine and can be exploits in the management of diabetes

HDV infection in HBV infected individuals

To determine the status of HDV infection in HBV infected individuals at Larkana. This is a laboratory based retrospective study conducted at Molecular Laboratory PHCP-CMI Central laboratory CMC Hospital City block Larkana from October 2010 to September 2011. During the study period all the serum samples in which the HBV DNA was qualitatively detected were further processed for HDV RNA detection by the method of Real time PCR. During the study period a total of 1564 HBV DNA detected serum samples were processed for HDV RNA detection. The males were 1078 [69.0%] and females 486 [31.0%]. The age were ranged between 15 to 73 years. Out of the 1564 HBV DNA detected serum samples, the HDV RNA was detected in 865 [55.31%] and not detected in 699 [44.69%] individuals. This study showed 55.3% HDV infection in the HBV infected patient. Hence, to formulate the treatment option and to predict the response of treatment it is necessary that every HBV infected case should be processed for HDV RNA detection

Comparison of CEA and CA 19-9 with CA 72-4 in patients with upper gastrointestinal carcinomas in local population

Gastrointestinal carcinomas are amongst the most common malignancy showing an annual increase globally. In our population, there is an increase in GIT carcinomas over the years and these are occurring at a much younger age. Tumour markers are molecular substances produced by all tumour cells which are excreted in body fluids or present on the surface of the cells. CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 72-4 are tumour markers for GIT carcinomas. The study included patients of upper GIT carcinoma and controls of both sexes and all ages. Each category included about 30 blood samples. Serum of each sample was evaluated for tumour markers CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 72-4. The estimations were made by using ELISA/EIA. The t-test and ANOVA were performed for comparison of means, specificity and sensitivity of each marker were also calculated. Showed that in our population GIT carcinoma is common in younger age group. Sensitivity of CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 72-4 is 63.33%, 50% and 63.33% respectively whereas specificity of these markers are 60%, 93.33% and 100% respectively in upper GIT carcinoma. CA 19-9 is tumour marker of choice for pancreatic carcinoma and CA 72-4 for gastric carcinoma

Effect of lithium carbonate on serotonin [5'HT] and creatine phosphokinase [CPK] in depressed patients

Depression is an illness that involves feelings of sadness lasting for two weeks or longer, often accompanied by a loss of interest in life, hopelessness, and decreased energy. It is a medical illness linked to changes in the biochemistry of the brain. Lithium is used for acute mania or prevention of recurrences of bipolar manic-depressive illness in adults. Lithium is a toxic drug and not metabolized in the body. Twenty patients with manic depression, 5 with hypomania and 5 hysteria were taken in the study. Effect of lithium on biochemical parameters like serotonin [5'hydroxy tryptamine], CPK and lithium were determined. Lithium treatment when applied to patients suffering from depression increases level of 5'HT, which is beneficial. However, increase in levels of serum CPK and lithium also occurs which may be toxic. Hence care needs to be taken in treatment to avoid brain damage to patients. It is therefore concluded that during lithium treatment careful monitoring of lithium blood level must be done to ensure adequate therapeutic efficacy without toxicity

Studies on tadbir of indian Rhubarb

Tadbir-e-Advia is a detoxifying/purifying process performed in Unani System of Medicine on drugs possessing adverse effects. The present work deals with quantitative analysis of anthraquinones [Rhein and Chrysophanol, and their derivatives] and tannis of Indian Rhubarb before and after tadbir and correlation of chemical complexity of the drug as such and drug after tadbir with their acute toxicity [LD50]