ABSTRACT
Background: Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Aim: To describe the characteñstics ofpatients with the diagnosis ofHUS in Chile, and to identify the most reliable early predictors oímorbidity and moñality. Material and methods: The clinical records ofpatients with HUS aged less than 15 years, attended between January 1990 and December 2003 in 15 hospitals, were reviewed. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, hematological parameters, morbidity and mortality were analyzed. Results: A cohort of 587 patients aged 2 to 8 years, 48 percent males, was analyzed. Ninety two percent had diarrhea. At the moment of diagnosis, anuria was observed in 39 percent of the patients, hypertension in 45 percent and seizures in 17 percent. Forty two percent required renal replacement therapy (RRT) and perítoneal dialysis was used in the majoríty of cases (78 percent). The most frequently isolated etiological agentwas Escherichia coli. Mortality rate was 2.9 percent in the acute phase of the disease and there was a positive correlation between mortality and anuria, seizures, white blood cell count (WCC) >20.000/mm³ and requirements of renal replacement therapy (p <0.05). Twelve percent of patients evolved to chronic renal failure and the risk factors during the acute phase were the need for renal replacement therapy, anuria, WCC >20.000/mm³, seizures and hypertension. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes important clinical and epidemiological aspeets ofHUSin a Chilean pediatricpopulation.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Acute Kidney Injury , Anuria/etiology , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Acute Kidney Injury , Anuria/epidemiology , Anuria/therapy , Child Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Chile/epidemiology , Follow-Up Studies , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/mortality , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/therapy , Hospitalization , Logistic Models , Prognosis , Renal Dialysis , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
La resistencia antimicrobiana en aislamientos de E. coli asociados a infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) es desconocida en comunidades rurales en nuestro país. Para explorar la magnitud de este problema se analizaron los registros de ITU causadas por E. coli en la localidad rural de Til-Til cerca de Santiago, acumulados entre enero y octubre de 1997. Veintiocho aislamientos pertenecientes a diferentes pacientes fueron identificados. Se detectó un alto porcentaje de resistencia a ampicilina y cotrimoxazol (sobre el 70 por ciento). La resistencia ante cefalosporinas de primera generación fue superior al 18 por ciento y sobre el 10 por ciento de los aislamientos fueron resistentes a ciprofloxacina. Más del 70 por ciento de las cepas fueron multiresistentes y sólo un 17 por ciento fue multisensible. Este estudio demuestra que, incluso en lugares donde la entrega de antibióticos es restringida, la resistencia antimicrobiana es elevada y limita las opciones terapéuticas además de aumentar el costo del tratamiento de las ITU causadas por E. coli