Expression profile of microRNA secreted by rat condylar chondrocytes under tensile stress / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To preliminarily explore the mechanism of tensile stress regulating endochondral osteogenesis of condyle by analyzing the expression profiles of significantly different microRNAs (miRNAs) in exosomes of rat mandibular condylar chondrocytes (MCC) under quiescent and cyclic tensile strain (CTS) conditions. Methods: Rat condylar chondrocytes were cultured under static and CTS conditions respectively (10 SD rats, male, 2 weeks old), and exosomes were extracted. The two groups of exosomes were named as control group and CTS group respectively. The differential expression miRNAs were screened by high-throughput sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis and prediction of target genes related to osteogenesis were performed by TargetScan and miRanda website. Results: The exosomes of rat condylar chondrocytes cultured under tensile stress showed a "double concave disc" monolayer membrane structure, the expression of CD9 and CD81 were positive, and the particle size distribution accorded with the characteristics of exosomes, which was consistent with that of static cultured rat condylar chondrocytes. A total of 85 miRNAs with significantly different expression were detected by high-throughput sequencing (P<0.05). The main biological processes and molecular functions of differential miRNAs were biological processes and protein binding, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database pathway enrichment analysis showed that there was significant enrichment in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway. The candidate target genes of miR-199a-5p include bone morphogenetic protein 3 (BMP3), endothelin converting enzyme 1, and miR-186-5p may target Smad8 and BMP3 to exert osteogenesis-related functions. Conclusions: Compared with static state, tensile stress stimulation can change the expression of miRNAs such as miR-199a-5p, miR-186-5p in the exocrine body of rat condylar chondrocytes, which can be considered as a mean to regulate the application potential of the exosomes.

Adaptive repetitive control of wrist tremor suppression based on functional electrical stimulation / 生物医学工程学杂志

Tremor is an involuntary and repetitive swinging movement of limb, which can be regarded as a periodic disturbance in tremor suppression system based on functional electrical stimulation (FES). Therefore, using repetitive controller to adjust the level and timing of FES applied to the corresponding muscles, so as to generate the muscle torque opposite to the tremor motion, is a feasible means of tremor suppression. At present, most repetitive control systems based on FES assume that tremor is a fixed single frequency signal, but in fact, tremor may be a multi-frequency signal and the tremor frequency also varies with time. In this paper, the tremor data of intention tremor patients are analyzed from the perspective of frequency, and an adaptive repetitive controller with internal model switching is proposed to suppress tremor signals with different frequencies. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed adaptive repetitive controller based on parallel multiple internal models and series high-order internal model switching can suppress tremor by up to 84.98% on average, which is a significant improvement compared to the traditional single internal model repetitive controller and filter based feedback controller. Therefore, the adaptive repetitive control method based on FES proposed in this paper can effectively address the issue of wrist intention tremor in patients, and can offer valuable technical support for the rehabilitation of patients with subsequent motor dysfunction.

Analysis of Radial Peripapillary Capillary Density in Patients with Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#We wanted to investigate the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network in patients with Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD).@*METHODS@#We compared RPC densities in the disk and different peripapillary regions, obtained using optical coherence tomography angiography in 22 patients with BCD (37 eyes) and 22 healthy subjects (37 eyes). The BCD group was then divided into Stage 2 and Stage 3 subgroups based on Yuzawa staging, comparing the RPC densities of the two.@*RESULTS@#The disk area RPC density was 38.8% ± 6.3% in the BCD group and 49.2% ± 6.1% in the control group ( P < 0.001), and peripapillary region RPC density was significantly lower in the BCD group than in the control group (49.1% ± 4.7% and 54.1% ± 3.0%, respectively, P < 0.001). There were no significant RPC density differences between the tempo quadrant and inside disk of Stages 2 and 3 subgroups; the other areas showed a significantly lower RPC density in Stage 3 than in Stage 2 BCD.@*CONCLUSION@#The BCD group RPC density was significantly lower than the control group. The reduction of RPC density in the tempo quadrant occurred mainly in the Stage 1 BCD. In contrast, the reduction of RPC density in superior, inferior, and nasal quadrants occurred mainly in Stage 2.

Research progress of liver disease treatment by Zhuang medicines / 中国中药杂志

Liver disease has become the world's fifth deadliest disease, and its incidence is increasing year by year. According to official data, viral hepatitis is high incidence in China, the condition is grim that a quarter of the patients can develop into chronic liver disease. Liver disease prevention is one of the key research topic of medical science, searching for the natural medicines of helping treat virus and human immunity has become the research focuses in current medical science field. Zhuang medicines were developed from Zhuang medical theory and practice, which are the traditional medicine used by Zhuang ancestors. The long period of experiments and clinical researches suggest that Zhuang medicines have therapeutic effects for liver disease and significant inhibitory effects on liver virus. Compared with modern medical therapy in the treatment of liver disease, Zhuang medicines therapy have more advantages in virus resistance, enzyme activity reducing, immunity improving and disease control. This study provides the overview of therapeutic effect and its mechanism on liver disease from active ingredients, effective parts, extracts and compound preparation, to provide reference for the study of Zhuang medicines' therapeutic effects on liver disease and research progress.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells versus bone marrow mononuclear cells for treating cerebral palsy / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and bone marrow mononuclear cells(BMMNCs) have been both used to treat spastic cerebral palsy. However, the differences in their therapeutic effects remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effects of BMMSCs and BMMNCs in cerebral palsy children as well as on fine motor function. METHODS: 105 children with spastic cerebral palsy were enrolled and randomly assigned to three groups: BMMSCs group, BMMNCs group and control group. Patients in the two transplantation groups received four intrathecal cell injections, and those in the control group received Bobath therapy, twice a day, for consecutive 3 weeks. The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Fine Motor Function Measure (FMFM) were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy at 3, 6 and 12 months after transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 3 months after cell transplantation, scores in A dimension of GMFM and in A, C dimensions of FMFM in BMMSC group were all superior to those of BMMNC group and control group (P < 0.05). At 6 months after cell transplantation, scores in A, B dimensions of GMFM and in A, B, C, D and E dimensions of FMFM in BMMSC group were better than those of BMMNC group and control group (P< 0.05), and total scores of GMFM and FMFM were also better in the BMMSC group (P < 0.05). At 12 months after cell transplantation, scores in A, B and C dimensions of GMFM and A, B, C, D and E dimensions of FMFM scores in BMMSC group were all superior to those of BMMNC group and control group (P < 0.05) as well as the total GMFM and FMFM scores. There were six cases of low intracranial pressure headache in BMMNC group and six cases of low-grade fever in BMMSC group. In summary, both BMMSCs transplantation and BMMNCs transplantation are safe, effective and feasible for the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy in children, and moreover, BMMSCs transplantation is a better method than BMMNCs transplantation to improve gross and fine motor functions of spastic cerebral palsy children.

Content Determination of 30 Kinds of Microelements in Mallotus apelta from Guangxi by ICP-MS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 30 kinds of microelements in Mallotus apelta from Guangxi. METHODS:ICP-MS method was adopted. The radio frequency power was 1550 W,the sampling depth was 10 mm,the carrier gas velocity was 1.05 L/min,the atomizing chamber temperature was 2 ℃,and the peristaltic pump was 0.10 rps. The collision mode was He,and the gas flow rate was 4.2 mL/min. RESULTS:The linear ranges of aluminum,vanadium,chromi-um,manganese,iron,nickel,copper,zinc,gallium,arsenic,cadmium,antimony,molybdenum,rubidium,cesium,barium, lanthanum,cerium,praseodymium,neodymium,europium,gadolinium,dysprosium,holmium,erbium,lutetium,mercury,thal-lium,lead and uranium were 10-1000 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-5 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-5 ng/mL(r=0.9999),10-1000 ng/mL (r=0.9999),10-1000 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-5 ng/mL(r=0.9997),0.5-100 ng/mL(r=0.9997),1-500 ng/mL(r=0.9998), 1-100 ng/mL(r=0.9997),0.5-50 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.5-50 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),1-500 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9998),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999), 0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9998),0.1-5 ng/mL(r=0.9984),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),0.5-100 ng/mL(r=0.9997),0.1-10 ng/mL(r=0.9999),respectively. The limits of quantita-tion were no higher than 0.44 mg/kg,and the limits of detection were no higher than 0.11 mg/kg. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 10.0%. The recoveries were 80.45%-116.68%(RSD ranged 0.47%-5.83%,n=6). The con-tents of Mn,Ba Fe and Al in samples were the highest. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,precise,stable and reproduc-ible,and can be used for simultaneous determination of 30 kinds of microelements in M. apelta from Guangxi. The contents of harmful elements are in line with national standard.

Quantitative and morphological analysis of five heavy metal elements Cu, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in hawthorn pill / 中草药

Objective: To study Cu, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in 52 batches of of hawthorn pill samples from four different production enterprises in China. Methods: The residues of five heavy metal elements were determined with microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The valence of As and Hg in the contaminated samples was analyzed with HPLC-ICP-MS. The heavy metal pollution in hawthorn pill was evaluated with the single and comprehensive pollution index method. Results: The method had good linear correlation (r ≥ 0.999 4).The detection limit ranges of five heavy metal elements were from 0.4 to 5.6 μg/kg. The recovery values ranged from 92.54% to 102.79%. The relative standard deviations for all elements were less than 3.5%. Green Standards of Foreign Trading Medicinal Plants & Preparations was used as the standard to evaluate the pollution status of Cu, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in hawthorn pill. The results showed that the residues of Cu, Cd, and Pb were all bellow the limit of the standard, however, the As of some samples (S30, S37) from the production enterprise in Jilin exceeded the limit, Hg in all samples exceeded the limit. The As and Hg mainly existed in the form of arsenous acid (3), arsenic acid (5) and bivalent mercury. After the evaluation, there were 32 batches of safety level samples, two batches of warning level samples (S17, S25) from the production enterprise in Tianjin, which was occupied 7.41% of their samples, one batch of mild level polluted sample (S38), one batch of moderate level polluted sample (S40), and 16 batches of high level polluted samples (S28—S37, S39, S41—S45) from the production enterprise in Jilin, all samples from that enterprise were contaminated. Conclusion: The heavy metal pollution levels of hawthorn pill sold in china shows distinct difference since the different production enterprises, which should attach great importance to it. The study provides a reference for further research on safety of Chinese medicine.

TPPA method for evaluating ELISA method and colloidal gold method in detection results of syphilis antibody / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To use the syphilis helicoid gelatin aggregation experiment (TPPA ) method to compare the results of syphilis serological detection reagents between the ELISA method and the colloidal gold method for evaluating the clinical applica ‐bility of each detection reagent .Methods 6 291 serum samples were selected from the hospitalized patients before surgery or before blood transfusion ,and performed the preliminary screening detection by the ELISA method (reagent A and B) and the colloidal gold method ,the positive or weakly positive specimens in preliminary screening were performed the confirmation test by the TPPA method .Results In 6 291 serum specimens ,the positive cases of the reagent A ,reagent B and colloidal gold method were 66 ,64 and 56 cases respectively ,the positive detection rate of colloidal gold method had no obvious difference between the reagent A and rea ‐gent B (P> 0 .05) .The positive samples were confirmed to be 66 cases by TPPA ,including 61 cases of reagent A and reagent B positive ,and the colloidal gold method had 56 cases .5 cases of reagent A positive and 3 cases of reagent B positive were confirmed to be 3 and 2 cases by TPPA respectively ,the sensitivity of the colloidal gold method had significant difference between the reagent A and reagent B(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion ELISA method has high sensitivity and is easy to realize the automated enzyme‐linked im‐munoassay ,which is suitable for the screening of the patient sample before surgery or before blood transfusion .The colloidal gold method has low sensitivity ,but high specificity ,is simple and convenient which is suitable for large‐scale healthy physical examina‐tion and preliminary screening test before emergency surgery .In order to avoid medical disputes ,the positive samples by the ELISA method and colloidal gold method should be confirmed by the TPPA method .