Preoperative differential diagnosis of uterine sarcoma and uterine myoma / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

Uterine sarcoma is a rare uterine malignant tumor characterized by extremely aggressive behavior with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. It remains very challenging to distinguish uterine sarcomas from uterine fibroids prior to surgery because of the similar clinical manifestations and the lack of specific imaging features and tumor markers. An integrated analysis algorism including risk factors,symptoms,imaging analysis(pelvic ultrasound and MRI),and endometrial biopsy is helpful for the preoperative differential diagnosis between uterine sarcomas and uterine leiomyomas.

Implantation of beta-tricalcium phosphate combined with osteoblast-specific peptides for alveolar bone preservation in extraction sockets / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Previous findings show that osteoblast-specific peptides can promote the repair and regeneration of skull defects in rabbits, and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is used as a scaffold to carry osteoblast-specific polypeptides. Both of them not only complement each other, but also fully exert dual effects of osteoinduction and bone conduction. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of osteoblast-specific peptide on the preservation of the anterior tooth extraction site in rabbits, and to study the effect on the alveolar bone remodeling. METHODS: Twenty-seven New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (n=9 per group), and the right mandibular incisors were removed to establish the animal models of tooth extraction. β-TCP/osteoblast-specific peptide compounds were implanted in the experimental group, and pure β-TCP meal was implanted into the material group. The blank control group had no implantation. Three rabbits from each group were scarified at 4, 8 and 12 postoperative weeks, and tissue samples were prepared for gross observation, histomorphology measurements, and radiographic measurements of extraction socket healing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Imaging results showed that the relative length of residual alveolar bone after modeling was ranked as follows: the experimental group > the material group > the blank control group, and the difference was statistically significant among groups (P < 0.05). Cone-beam CT findings in the three groups changed as time went on. At 4 and 8 postoperative weeks, the implanted materials in the experimental and material groups gradually degraded; the bone mass in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the material and blank control groups. At 12 postoperative weeks, the experimental group had basically completed the reconstruction of tooth socket, but there were still some bone defects in the material and blank control groups. (2) Histomorphological findings showed that at 4 postoperative weeks, the experimental group exhibited obvious bone deposition lines, and the bone trabecula was widened; in the material and blank control groups, the new bone was less. At 8 postoperative weeks, a small amount of undegraded scaffold was found in the experimental group, with mature lamellar bone, the amount of new bone tissues in the material group increased and osteoblasts were obviously detected in the blank control group. At 12 postoperative weeks, the bone remodeling in the extraction socket of the experimental group was basically completed; in the material group, there were still a small amount of scaffold materials and dense plate-like new bone; and in the blank control group, the new bone tended to be mature, and there was obvious lamellar structure. To conclude, osteoblast-specific peptides can effectively preserve the length of the residual alveolar bone after tooth extraction, promote the formation of new bone, and have the function of preserving the tooth extraction site.

Research Progress of MicroRNA in Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This review aimed to update the progress of microRNA (miRNA) in early detection of ovarian cancer. We discussed the current clinical diagnosis methods and biomarkers of ovarian cancer, especially the methods of miRNA in early detection of ovarian cancer.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>We collected all relevant studies about miRNA and ovarian cancer in PubMed and CNKI from 1995 to 2015.</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>We included all relevant studies concerning miRNA in early detection of ovarian cancer, and excluded the duplicated articles.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>miRNAs play a key role in various biological processes of ovarian cancer, such as development, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and metastasis, and these phenomena appear in the early-stage. Therefore, miRNA can be used as a new biomarker for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer, intervention on miRNA expression of known target genes, and potential target genes can achieve the effect of early prevention. With the development of nanoscience and technology, analysis methods of miRNA are also quickly developed, which may provide better characterization of early detection of ovarian cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the near future, miRNA therapy could be a powerful tool for ovarian cancer prevention and treatment, and combining with the new analysis technology and new nanomaterials, point-of-care tests for miRNA with high throughput, high sensitivity, and strong specificity are developed to achieve the application of diagnostic kits in screening of early ovarian cancer.</p>

Detection of congenital uterine malformation by using transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study assessed the clinical application of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound (3D TVUS) in the diagnosis of congenital uterine malformation. A retrospective study was performed on 62 patients with congenital uterine malformation confirmed hysteroscopically and/or laparoscopically. The patients were subjected to transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound (2D TVUS) and 3D TVUS. The accuracy rate was compared between the two methods. The accuracy rate of 3D TVUS was (98.38%, 61/62), higher than that of 2D TVUS (80.65%, 50/62). 3D TVUS coronal plane imaging could demonstrate the internal shape of the endometrial cavity and the external contour of the uterine fundus. It allowed accurate measurement on the coronary plane, and could three-dimensionally show the image of cervical tube, thereby providing information for the diagnosis of some complex uterine malformation. 3D TVUS imaging can obtain comprehensive information of the uterus malformation, and it is superior to 2D TVUS for the diagnosis of congenital uterine malformations, especially complex uterine anomaly.

Detection of congenital uterine malformation by using transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study assessed the clinical application of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound (3D TVUS) in the diagnosis of congenital uterine malformation. A retrospective study was performed on 62 patients with congenital uterine malformation confirmed hysteroscopically and/or laparoscopically. The patients were subjected to transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound (2D TVUS) and 3D TVUS. The accuracy rate was compared between the two methods. The accuracy rate of 3D TVUS was (98.38%, 61/62), higher than that of 2D TVUS (80.65%, 50/62). 3D TVUS coronal plane imaging could demonstrate the internal shape of the endometrial cavity and the external contour of the uterine fundus. It allowed accurate measurement on the coronary plane, and could three-dimensionally show the image of cervical tube, thereby providing information for the diagnosis of some complex uterine malformation. 3D TVUS imaging can obtain comprehensive information of the uterus malformation, and it is superior to 2D TVUS for the diagnosis of congenital uterine malformations, especially complex uterine anomaly.

Influence of deleted in colorectal carcinoma gene on proliferation of ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3 in vivo and in vitro / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To elucidate the effects of the deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) gene on proliferation of ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>An exogenous recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+)-DCC, containing human DCC cDNA coding sequences, was constructed and transfected into SKOV-3 cells (SKOV-3/DCC). The pcDNA3.1 (+) transfected cells (SKOV-3/Neo) and SKOV-3 cells were used as the positive and negative controls, respectively. Expressions of DCC mRNA and protein were analyzed by RT-PCR and immunocytochemical analysis, respectively. Cell growth was detected by soft agar colony formation assay and MTT assay. Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess the effects of DCC on cell cycle distribution and ultrastructure, respectively. BALB/c mice were used to evaluate the effects of DCC on tumorigenicity in vivo.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>RT-PCR and immunocytochemical analysis revealed the exogenous DCC gene was successfully transfected into SKOV-3 cell lines and obtained permanent expression. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of SKOV-3/DCC cells was significantly lower than that of SKOV-3 or SKOV-3/Neo cells (all P<0.05). DCC expression caused SKOV-3 cells to be arrested in G1 phase (78.0%), and electron microscopic analysis showed SKOV-3/DCC cells displayed typical morphological changes of apoptosis. Two mice xenografted with SKOV-3/DCC cells showed no tumor tumorigenecity. The tumor volume of BALB/c mice bearing SKOV-3/DCC cells (3.403 mm(3)) was smaller than that of SKOV-3 cells (9.206 mm(3)).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DCC gene may play an important role in suppressing the growth of SKOV-3 cell line and inducing apoptosis.</p>

Expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) in tissue and cell lines of squamous cervical carcinomas and its clinical significance, and to explore the molecular mechamisms of angiotensin II and AT1R activity in the process of cervical carcinogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>(1) The levels of AT1R mRNA were examined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction( RT-PCR) in paraffin-embedded tissues from 35 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 15 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 15 cases of normal cervix, and in Siha and C33a cells. The expression of AT1R protein in 65 specimens of cervix tissue sections was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The corelation between the expressions of AT1R and its clinicopathologic features was analyzed accordingly. (2) After the Siha and C33a cells were treated at different concentrations of Angiotensin II (0, 10(-10) mol/L, 10(-9) mol/L, 10(-8) mol/L, 10(-7) mol/L, 10(-6) mol/L, 10(-5) mol/L) for different time in culture, the cell proliferation was determined by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was examined by enzyme-linked immuno-absordent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) AT1R mRNA expression was detected in the two cervix cancer cell lines. The positive rate of ATIR mRNA was 77.1%, 40.0% and 0, respectively, in squamous cell carcinomas, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and normal cervical tissues, while their mRNA quantities were 0.3863 +/- 0.041, 0.0768 +/- 0.035 and 0, respectively. There was statistically a significant difference between them (P < 0.01). The average staining intensity of AT1R protein was stronger in invasive carcinoma cells than that in dysplasia tissues and normal ones (P < 0.01). Among 65 cases of squamous cell carcinomas, the expressions of AT1R mRNA and protein increased with pathological grading (P < 0.05), while it was neither correlated with clinical stage nor pelvic lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). The level of AT1R protein expression corresponded to that of its mRNA. (2) Angiotensin II promoted the cell growth of cervical cancer cell lines Siha and C33a and induced secretion of VEGF from cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01), and the expression of VEGF was reversed by the addition of valsatan (an antagonist of angiotensin II type 1 receptor) (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Angiotensin II is involved in the progression of cervical carcinoma, since it may increase the proliferation activity of cancer cells, induce secretion of VEGF through AT1R synchronously, and results in an increase of angiogenesis in tumors. It suggests that use of AT1R antagonists may be an useful therapeutic strategy for cervical carcinoma.</p>

Effects of Smac gene over-expression on the radiotherapeutic sensitivities of cervical cancer cell line HeLa / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac) is a novel proapoptotic gene, which plays an important role in the apoptosis-inducing effects of irradiation on tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of extrinsic Smac gene transfer and its over-expression in radiotherapeutic sensitivities of cervical cancer cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After the Smac gene was transferred into the cervical cancer cell line HeLa, subcloned cells were obtained by persistent G418 selection. Cellular Smac gene expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, while in vitro cell viabilities were detected by trypan blue staining assay. After treatment with X-ray irradiation, cellular radiotherapeutic sensitivities were investigated by tetrazolium bromide colorimetry. Cellular apoptosis and its rate were determined by electronic microscopy, annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining flow cytometry. The expression and activities of cellular caspase-3 were assayed by Western blot and colorimetry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Smac mRNA and protein levels in HeLa/Smac cells and the selected subclone cell line of cervical cancer were significantly higher than those of HeLa (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in cellular viabilities between them (P > 0.05). However, after irradiation with 8 Gy X-ray, growth activities of HeLa/Smac were reduced by 22.42% (P < 0.01). When compared with those of HeLa, partial HeLa/Smac cells presented characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis under electronic microscope, with higher apoptosis rates (16.4% vs. 6.2%, P < 0.01); the caspase-3 expression levels in HeLa/Smac cells were improved significantly (P < 0.01), while its activities were increased by 3.42 times (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Stable transfer of the extrinsic Smac gene and its over-expression in cervical cancer cell line could significantly enhance the expression and activities of cellular caspase-3 and ameliorate apoptosis-inducing effects of irradiation on cancer cells, which was a novel strategy to improve radiotherapeutic effects on cervical cancer.</p>

Reversal effect of MDR1 and MDR3 gene silencing on resistance of A2780/taxol cells to paclitaxel / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the reversal effect of MDR1 and MDR3 gene silencing on resistance of A2780/taxol cells to paclitaxel.Methods shRNA plasmid vector specifically targeting MDR1 and MDR3 genes was transfected into A2780/taxol cells.The early stage cell apoptosis and the effect of intracellular rhodamine 123(Rh123)accumulation were detected by flow cytometry(FCM).The late stage cell apoptosis rate was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate(dUTP)nick end labeling(TUNEL).The 50% inhibition concentration(IC_(50))of paclitaxel on A2780/taxol cells was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay.MDR1 and MDR3 mRNA were assessed by RT-PCR,and caspase-3 protein was detected by western blot.Results After treatment with MDR1 and MDR3 shRNA plasmid vector,early apoptosis rate of A2780/taxol cells was (20.21?0.56)% and(10.87?1.24)%,respectively.MDR1 and MDR3 shRNA could increase cellular Rh123 accumulation(116.6?8.1 and 98.4?3.8,respectively).The late stage apoptosis rates detected by TUNEL displayed the same tendency as FCM results did.The IC_(50)for paclitaxel of A2780/taxol cells was decreased significantly.The mRNA levels of MDR1 and MDR3 in A2780/taxol cells were decreased by (73.3?0.8)% and(51.6?0.4)% of control,and the reduction of MDR1 and MDR3 mRNA was in a time-dependent manner.The expression of caspase-3 protein of MDR1 and MDR3 shRNA vector transfected group in A2780/taxol cells was significantly increased [(80.8?2.6)% and(72.0?4.7)%, respectively ].Conclusion MDR1 and MDR3 gene silencing could recover sensitivity of A2780/taxol cells to paclitaxel and induce cell apoptosis,thus reversing cell resistance to paclitaxel.

Predictive value of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 for preeclampsia in second-trimester / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of plasma levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1(VEGFR-1,also known as sFlt-1) in second-trimester for preeclampsia.Methods One hundred and forty-six pregnant women with normal blood pressure previously were prospectively included in the study.Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained between 20 and 26 gestational weeks.Plasma levels of sFh-1 were measured by an enzyme-linked immunoassay.Results (1) Among 146 previously normotensive women,12 developed preeclampsia (preeclampsia group), 134 remained normal pregnant till the end (normal group).(2) The plasma levels of sFh-1 in preeclampsia group [(4135?699)ng/L] was significantly higher than that in normal group[(1490?1033)ng/L](P

Apoptosis of cervical cancer cell line Hela induced by Livin isoform-specific shRNA / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

Objective: To transfect a recombinant short hairpin RNA(shRNA)expression vector targeting Livin gene isoform(BIRC71,BIRC72)into the cervical cancer cell line(Hela cell),in an attempt to observe RNAi-mediated silen- cing on Livin gene and the induction of Hela apoptosis.Methods: Hela cells were transfected with the recombinant plas- mid pGenesil-1-BIRC71,pGenesil-1-BIRC72 and pGenesil-1-HK via Lipofectamine~(TM)2000.The expression levels of Livin was determined in Hela cells before and after transfection by fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. The apoptosis rate of cells was determined by FCM 24,48 and 72h after transfection.Results: The transfection efficiency at 48h was higher than those at 24 and 72h.After transfection with pGenesil-1-BIRC71 and pGenesil-1-BIRC72,gene and protein levels of Livin were significantly reduced(P