ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the medium effect of social support in process of attachment styles and coping styles on criminal juveniles and adolescents with mood disorders.Methods The survey used in the research included Experiences of Close Relationships Inventory (ECR),Social Support Revalued Scale(SSRS) and Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ) conducted by three groups:177 criminal juveniles,80 adolescents with mood disorders and 163 normal teenagers.Results Firstly,there were significant differences in the avoidant attachment,attachment anxiety,objective support,subjective support,utilization of support,solving problem,rationalization,self-accusation and retreat among three groups (F=7.902,8.047,59.009,19.248,5.304,7.596,10.652,6.699,11.009;P＜0.05).Secondly,attachment avoidance had significant negative correlation with both utilization of support and help seeking behaviors in the group of mood disorders (r =-0.470,-0.350; P＜ 0.01).Similarly,avoidant attachment had significant negative correlation with both subjective support and utilization of support respectively (r=-0.232,-0.235 ; P＜0.01) in the group of criminal juveniles.The subjective support had significant positive correlation with solving problem (r=0.272,P＜0.01) and as well as the utilization of support with both solving problem and help seeking behaviors (r=0.258,0.424; P＜ 0.01).Attachment anxiety had significant negative correlation with objective support and had significant positive correlation with self-accusation respectively (r=-0.253,0.300;P＜0.01).Finally,utilization of support as a medium completely effect on the process of avoidant attachment and help seeking behaviors in the group of mood disorder and criminal juveniles.Moreover,subjective support and utilization of support as medium both affected a part in the process of avoidant attachment and solving problem for the group of criminal juveniles.Conclusion First,both adolescents with mood disorders and criminal juveniles have unsafe attachment mode,which are lacked social support and easy to take negative coping styles.Yet,the level of attachment avoidance and subjective support of criminal juveniles was found different compared to teenagers with mood disorder.Second,the attachment styles for both adolescents with mood disorders and criminal juveniles have impact on coping styles by the means of social support,but there were slightly different way.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the characteristics of decision-making impairment in male patients with heroin dependence in methadone maintenance treatment(MMT). Methods A total of 45 male patients in MMT were compared with matched 32 health controls on the Iowa Gambling Task. Results Participants with anxiety or depression had to be excluded, MMT subjects were required to have negative urine toxicology screening tests.The MMT group selected more net disadvantageous cards (number of cards selected from the disadvantageous decks minus number of cards selected from advantageous decks) than health controls( (9.11 ± 19.60, -4.25 ±10.27 respectively), t=3. 884, P＜0.01). A 2(group) ×5(block) ANOVA (analysis of variance) on the cards of net disadvantageous from the gambling task revealed a significant main effect of group( F= 12.414, P＜0.01 ).The ANOVA also revealed a significant main effect of block( F=6.871, P＜0.01 ). The study indicated the totalnumber of net disadvantageous cards for MMT subjects was negative correlation to the age of initial drug use ( r=- 0. 320, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Meanwhile, methadone dose and the time of enrollment MMT did not reveal a significant main effect on decision-making biases. Conclusion The deficit of decision making for male heroin dependent patients might be attributed to the dysfunction of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and this effect does not resolve with abstinence, even very long term abstinence. Methadone may not get worse this impairment in male patients who have a history of heroin use during maintenance treatment intervention.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To make out the epidemiological characteristic of middle school students with internet addiction and to explore the possible reasons for the addiction. Methods: According to the system layering random sample method, we randomly selected six different junior and senior middle school in Hefei city and 2 classes in each grade per school. Total 2010 students were enrolled in the investigation, and 1949 students were successfully investigated. With the self-made questionnaire "Background investigation form" and the "Internet Addiction Test", we took a concentrate survey in different schools. Results:The rate of possible internet addiction (including 5 cases with internet addiction) of middle school students in Hefei city is 3.5%. The rate of possible internet addiction was higher in male than that in female (5.9% vs. 0.8%); and it is higher in senior middle school students than that in junior middle school (5.1% vs. 1.9%); the rate of possible internet addiction among students in suburban school, city-suburban school and downtown school gradually increased (respectively 1.2%, 2.1%, 2.3%,?~2=81.55,P