ABSTRACT
This study was conducted on 30 infants scheduled for cleft lip repair surgery. At the end of the operation, patients were systematically allocated to three equal groups: Group I [control], no analgesia was given, group II received a single dose of rectal pediatric paracetamol Suppository and group III received bilateral infra-orbital nerve block. Postoperative pain relief was assessed using a pain assessment scoring system and by monitoring arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation in the pediatric ICU. The mean pain assessment score was significantly better in the infants receiving the local block [group III] than the other two groups. The mean systolic blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate were significantly higher in groups I and II than infants of group III. On the other hand, oxygen saturation was significantly higher in group III compared with the other two groups. All of the infants in group I and most of those in group II needed supplement analgesia postoperatively, while analgesia was adequate in group III. The results suggested that infra-orbital nerve block is a simple and effective method of achieving adequate postoperative analgesia after cleft lip repair. The implication of pain and analgesia in neonates was discussed
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Evaluation StudyABSTRACT
This study included forty-eight children aged six months to five years with overt malnutrition compared with sixteen normal children of matched age and sex. They were studied in a cross sectional manner to conjunctival impression cytology [CIC], serum retinol and beta carotene and nutritional assessment by the anthropometric measurement [weight/height and height/age]. From the results obtained, it was concluded that biochemical measurement of serum retinol is a very helpful diagnostic tool in assessment of vitamin A status in the protein energy malnutrition cases as it is more highly sensitive and specific than CIC
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vitamin A DeficiencyABSTRACT
This study included three hundred and eighty-five victims [5% of all victims aged less than fifteen years]. The mean time between the sting and presentation to the University Hospital was 4.4 +/- 1.2 hours. Males [62.9%] exceeded females [37.1%]. The commonest site of the sting was the foot. Of all the victims studied, 45.2% were stung at night and 47.2% of the stings occurred outside the dwellings. The majority of cases came from the rural areas [86.3%]. Victims coming from Assiut district contributed to 38.7% of admissions. Out of children older than five years [48%], only 54% were school pupils. Children less than one year of age contributed to 3.6% of all cases. The presenting symptoms included local pain [84.6%], cardiovascular system manifestations [CVS][63.25%], vomiting [56.6%], CNS [51.4%], autonomic disturbances [45.2%] and 51.2% of the victims showed manifestations of more than two systems involvement. It was observed that CNS and CVS systems involvement were significantly higher in the younger cases. Only 2% of cases showed manifest tetany. Raised CPK was detected among 25.7% of the victims. Children aged< 5 years showed significantly lower mean values of serum Ca++, K+, creatinine and blood hemoglobin compared with those older than five years