Effect of [statin] on paraoxonase 1 [PON1] activity in type 2 diabetic Saudi patients

Type 2 diabetes is usually characterized by high serum level of total cholesterol triglycerides and low HDL serum levels and paraoxonase 1 enzyme activity. Statin is considered the most potent agent for use in severe hypercholesterolemia The aim of this study was to investigate modulating effect of Statin on serum paraoxonasel enzyme [PON1] activity in type 2 diabetic Saudi patients. The present study was carried out on the following groups: sixty nine healthy persons were enrolled as control group and sixty two type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled as patient group. All patients were selected to be under the antidiabetic regimen received [statin] in individually adjusted oral dosage [range 10-20 mg] once/day for 12 weeks All cases were subjected to thorough clinical examination and history taking and measurement of serum levels of: PON1 activity fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein [HDL], APo-A-1 serum levels and low-density lipoprotein [LDL] serum level The obtained results showed that PON1 activity and HDL significantly decreased and fasting glucose significantly increased in patients group when compared to the control group. Also total cholesterol and LDL levels significantly increased in patients group Statin therapy caused a significant increase in PON1 activity Also, total cholesterol triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly reduced with a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol and APo-A-1 levels. It could be concluded that [statin] by its pleiotropic effects could provide optimal therapeutic intervention to control not only dyslipidemia, but also oxidative stress status with consequent improvement in the course of type 2 diabetes. Restoration of PON1 activity by [statin] opens a window to investigate other drugs that could provide a new adjuvant therapeutic line for more control of diabetes

impact of the genetic polymorphism of paraoxonase gene [PON1] on the incidence of coronary vascular disease in Saudi population

Cardiovascular diseases as being one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality drags attention for the study of their pathogenesis which seems multifactorial including habitual/ environmental and genetic causes. The major cause for atherosclerosis is deposition of oxidized lipoproteins in the blood vessel. Paraoxonase [PON1], an enzyme tightly linked to HDL plays an important role in decreasing the susceptibility of LDL-cholesterol for oxidation, thus minimizing atherosclerotic changes in the blood vessels. Paraoxonase activity in the serum alone is not a determining factor for this role. This function is also controlled and affected by many polymorphisms occurring in the PON1 gene, The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of one of this genetic polymorphism [at position 192] on cardiovascular diseases in Saudi population. This study included 169 subjects [100 cases and 69 controls]. For all participants in the study paraoxonase activity, lipid profile, Apo A-l and genetic polymorphism was done. The percentage distribution of this genetic polymorphism differs in Saudi population than those observed in previous studies as in Mexican population and is more similar to those in Japanese population. There was no significant difference in the genetic distribution between control and CVD groups. The activity of paraoxonase was lower in the CVD group compared to the control; also there was no significant correlation between this genetic polymorphism and the lipid composition of the blood. PON1 activities toward paraoxon are lower in subjects with CVD than in control subjects regardless of the PON1 genotype although the PON1 activity is much lower in RR genotype than QQ genotype