ABSTRACT
Objective To observe any effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on pul monary function,airflow obstruction,dyspnea,exercise capacity and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods Thirty patients with stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ COPD were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group with 15 cases in each.TENS applied at the Feishu acupuncture point (BL13) was used in the treatment group,while sham stimulation of the same point without current output was used in the control group.The treatment was administered 40 minutes once daily,5 days a week for a total of 4 weeks.The outcome measures were measured before and after 4 weeks of treatment.Results FVC,FEV1,FEV1％,and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) all improved significantly in the treatment group after 4 weeks of treatment.After treatment,the average TNF-α level in induced sputum and exercise capacity as indicated by the average BODE index had both improved significantly in the treatment group.Compared with the control group,pulmonary function,TNF-α and the BODE index in the treatment group were all significantly better.There was no significant difference in pulmonary function,BODE index or TNF-α before and after treatment in the control group.Conclusion TENS at the Feishu acupoint can reduce airway inflammation,improve pulmonary function and exercise capacity,and decrease TNF-α levels in patients with stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ COPD.This treatment should be very useful for enhancing their ability in the activities of daily living.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate clinical application of VCS technology in diagnosis for acute leukemia and its subtypes by LH750 automated hematology analyzer. Methods A total of 178 leukemia patients (105 acute granilocytic leukemia, 42 acute lymphocytic leukemia, 31 acute monecytic leukemia)and 151 non-leukemia patients (86 granulocytic abnormal cases, 35 lymphocytic abnormal cases,30 monocytic abnormal cases) were enrolled into this study. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed by both Coulter LH750 automated hematology analyzer and manual microscopic examination. Microscopic examination was used as reference to evaluate the diagnosis value of VCS technology in blast detecting. VCS parameters were compared for AGL subsets. The clinical value of VCS technology in diagnosis for different acute leukemia was also evaluated by combining VCS scattergram and suspect flags provided by LH750. Results Compared with manual examination, a sensitivity of 95.5% (170/178) and specificity of 95.4% (144/151) were achieved by VCS technology in detecting blasts in acute leukemia and nonleukemia patients. In patients with AGL, the MNV, MNV-SD, MNC and MNC-SD (224.40 ± 23.37,37.40 ±12. 31,145. 80 ±7. 93,24. 79 ±5. 18) were higher than granulocytic abnormal patients( 169.96 ±11.50,29.21 ± 5.27,133.30 ± 5.50, 10.62 ± 4.09) and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 16. 832, 5. 148, 5. 735, 19. 953 respectively, P < 0. 01 ). On the contrary, MNS ( 122. 90 ±6. 35) in AGL patients was significantly lower than granulocytic abnormal patients( 131.00 ± 5. 69, t =-7.64, P<0.01). In patients with ALL, the MLV, MLV-SD, MLC, MLS, MLS-SD (97.60 ± 13.40,22. 35 ± 7.94,110. 00 ± 4. 60,77. 60 ± 19.00,20. 61 ± 3.30 ) were higher than lymphocytic abnormal patients(82. 10 ± 3.00, 14.41 ±2.35, 100.60 ±2.70, 48. 10 ±3.50, 17.60 ± 1.60). The data also showed a statistical significance (t values were 7.576, 6. 118, 4. 041, 9. 353, 2. 988 respectively, P <0.05). In patients with AMOL, the MMV, MMV-SD, MMC, MMC-SD, MMS(197. 30 ±20.50,30.47 ±6.58,123.20 ± 10. 10,6.57 ± 1.57,98.00 ± 5.60) were significantly higher than monocytic abnormal patients( 167.80 ± 15.77,21.90 ± 9. 64,113.60 ± 6. 73,5.20 ± 3. 21,84. 20 ± 14. 35 ) and the differences were statistically significant (t values were 6. 332, 4. 033, 4. 650, 2. 993, 6. 273 respectively , P <0. 01 ).The differences of MNV, MNV-SD, MNC, MNC-SD, MNS-SD for different AGL subtypes were statistically significant ( F values were 21.2, 169. 5, 13.6, 3. 6 and 98.6 respectively, P <0. 01 ). For AGL, ALL and AMOL, the ratios of normal blast distribution in scattergram were 81% (85/105), 74% (31/42) ,and 74% (23/31). Conclusions The VCS parameters can reflect the changes of peripheral white blood cell morphology sensitively. VCS technology can diagnose acute leukemia and its subtypes efficieutly.