ABSTRACT
Metallo-beta-lactamase [MBLs] can hydrolyze a broad spectrum of beta-lactams, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Genes encoding these enzymes are located on the plasmid that can easily be transferred to other bacteria. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains encoding VIM1 gene, in clinical samples, using the PCR technique. During a 4 month period, 100 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical specimens were collected. Standard tests were performed to identify strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Resistance to antibiotics was examined and then the PCR was used to detect VIM1gene. In this study, the highest rates of resistance to antibiotics, amikacin and cefotaxime was observed [65% and 62%], the lowest resistance to antibiotics piperacillin [48%] and imipenem and cefepime with 55% resistance was reported. DDST method was performed for 37 strains for the MBl detection. Among the 37 isolate, 30 strains were MBL-producing with imipenem-EDTA method. Twelve strains [18%] were carriers of VIM1 gene using the PCR method. In the present study, the prevalence of strains producing MBL genes in strains of hospitals is a growing trend; correct prescription of medications can prevent the spread of resistant pathogens. It is suggested that molecular methods for rapid detection of resistance genes can be used to prevent the spread of this genes
ABSTRACT
Today, the increased use of antibiotics lead to the incidence of resistant strains. We are faced with lack of new antimicrobial drugs that have fewer side effects than antibiotics. Rosemary is a medicinal plant that has many uses in traditional medicine. In this study, ethanol leaves extract of this plant is tested on various pathogens. In this experimental study, Rosmarinus officinalis was used to evaluate the antimicrobial effects on pathogens. Ethanol extract of the leaves of this plant, with concentrations of 400, 200, 100 and 50 mg/l were prepared, and antibacterial activities were evaluated by well diffusion method on strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] was determined by the microplate method. In this study, ethanol extract of rosemary leaves at concentrations of 400 mg/ml was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract on the growth of these bacteria from 6.25 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml was change. Also MBC of extract showed range from 12.5 to 200 mg/ml respectively. Result from these finding suggest that, rosemary extract, on all strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has an inhibitory effect. Also, the effect of extract, risesed by increasing the concentration
ABSTRACT
Due to occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases [ESBLs] in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, There is a need for a reliable method to treat clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa that increasingly reported from worldwide. Also the prevalence of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa producing betalactamase reported from different parts of the world during the last decades. The Eucalyptus contains a number of compounds with antifungal, antiviral and antibacterial properties and used to control several diseases derived from microbial infections. In this experimental study, Eucalyptus camaldulensis [E. camaldulensis] was used to evaluate the antimicrobial effects against lactamase-producing strains of P. aeruginosa methanol extract of the leaves of this plant, with concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/mL were prepared, and antibacterial activities were evaluated by well diffusion method on strains P. aeruginosa isolated from patients. Minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] was determine by the microplate method.The frequency of the gene encoding bla OXA-10 was studied by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]. In this study, methanol extract of eucalyptus leaves at concentrations of 400 mg/mL was high activity against P. aeruginosa. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract on the growth of these bacteria was change to 25 mg/mL. Also MBC of extract showed range from 50 mg/mL respectively. Result from these finding suggest that, eucalyptus extract, has an inhibitory effect on strains that carrier betalactamase. Also, the effect of extract, risesed by increasing the concentration. The results of this study suggest the traditional use of E. camaldulensis leaves as an antibacterial agent