ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to comprehensively analyze histopathologic parameters of Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens at Taleghani general hospital pathology department. The Whipple procedure is performed for variety of tumors involving the head of the pancreas, ampulla of Vater, common bile duct, or duodenum. Records of all cases of Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2007 and 2011were retrospectively reviewed and pathological details of diagnosis and staging were extracted. A total of 51 patients underwent Whipple procedure during a 5-year period, including 37 males and 14 females. The average age was 57 years [18-82 years]. The most frequent presenting symptoms were jaundice and weight loss. Forty-four patients [86.3%] had malignant and 7 [13.7%] had benign lesions. Among malignant lesions, 27 [61.4%] were ampullary carcinomas, 12 [27.3%] were pancreatic carcinomas and 5 [11.4%] were cholangiocarcinomas. The pathological stage of most of the tumors was T3 [50%]; followed by T2 [29.5%], and T1 [15.9%]; only 4.5% were T4. Mean tumor size was 2.8 cm [0.2-7 cm]. Duodenal and common bile duct margins were tumor-free in most cases [95.5%]. The pancreatic margin was free in 81.8% of patients; this margin had not been evaluated in 5 patients. Nearly 38.6% of all tumors showed vascular invasion while 68.2% showed perineural invasion. The average number of dissected lymph nodes was 4 [range 1-15]; although in 25% of specimens, no lymph nodes had been found. Twelve specimens [35.3%] had lymph node metastases. The present study demonstrates that most of our patients are diagnosed with malignancy, at advanced stage, and further research is needed to develop practical methods for earlier diagnosis. The fact that 25% of specimens had no lymph nodes needs more consideration
ABSTRACT
Cartilage has a poor regenerative potential with very low cell-density that contributes to its poor capability for self-repair .For this reason, autologous cartilage grafts have been used in reconstructive surgery .Today; the rapidly emerging field of tissue engineering holds great promises for the generation of functional cartilage tissue substitutes. The technique was initiated by harvesting cartilage cells [chondrocytes] from a donor site such as the nasal septum or the auricle. However, in clinical use of human chondrocytes for tissue engineering, extensive expansion of cell numbers from a small donor site biopsy was required and this could limit the chondrogenic potential of cells after proliferation. Therefore, the ability of chondrocytes to replicate in- vitro allowed the expansion of cell numbers to produce theoretically limitless supplies of cartilage autografts .Stem cell technology presents an alternative, immunoprivileged resource of cells with unlimited replicative capacity. These cells exist in a wide selection of tissues and provide the option of multi-lineage differentiation. This paper reviews the current evidence that stem cells may provide a superior cell resource for tissue engineered cartilage and outlines the methodology for their isolation and chondrogenic induction