Investigation and prevention of sports risk in the teaching of table tennis / Investigação e prevenção de risco esportivo no ensino do tênis de mesa / Investigación y prevención de riesgo deportivo en la enseñanza del tenis de mesa

ABSTRACT Introduction: Among college students who are not majoring in sports, table tennis is well accepted, highly popular, and has low requirements regarding equipment investment. Therefore, many students choose this sport, although there are also certain sports risks in the course of the sport. Objective: Investigate the sporting risks of teaching table tennis and its preventive measures. Methods: Before each class exercise, the physical education teacher led the experimental class to rigorously complete the warm-up. In contrast, the control class maintained the basic program configuration without the warm-up phase. After 24 hours of practice, students in the experimental class and the control class were tested with the FMS. Results: The experimental class stability score increased from 1.58 points to 1.84 points, and the trunk rotation stability score increased from 1.68 points to 2.05 points. Conclusion: Warm-up activities before sports can further reduce sports risks in the table tennis teaching process by providing a better and safer higher education environment for students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Entre os estudantes universitários que não estão se especializando em esportes, o tênis de mesa é bem aceito, altamente popular e possui baixos requisitos no que diz respeito a investimento de equipamentos. Portanto, muitos estudantes optam por este esporte, embora também hajam certos riscos esportivos no decorrer do esporte. Objetivo: Investigar os riscos esportivos do ensino do tênis de mesa e suas medidas preventivas. Métodos: Antes do exercício de cada aula, o professor de educação física liderou a aula experimental para completar rigorosamente o aquecimento, enquanto a aula de controle manteve a configuração básica do programa, sem a fase de aquecimento. Após 24 horas de prática, os alunos da aula experimental e da aula de controle foram testados com o FMS. Resultados: A pontuação de estabilidade da classe experimental aumentou de 1,58 pontos para 1,84 pontos, e a pontuação de estabilidade da rotação do tronco aumentou de 1,68 pontos para 2,05 pontos. Conclusão: As atividades de aquecimento antes dos esportes podem reduzir ainda mais os riscos esportivos no processo de ensino do tênis de mesa proporcionando um ambiente de ensino superior melhor e mais seguro para os alunos. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Entre los estudiantes universitarios que no se especializan en deportes, el tenis de mesa goza de buena aceptación, es muy popular y tiene pocos requisitos en cuanto a inversión en equipamiento. Por ello, muchos estudiantes optan por este deporte, aunque también existen ciertos riesgos deportivos en su práctica. Objetivo: Investigar los riesgos deportivos de la enseñanza del tenis de mesa y sus medidas preventivas. Métodos: Antes del ejercicio de cada clase, el profesor de educación física llevó a la clase experimental a completar rigurosamente el calentamiento, mientras que la clase de control mantuvo la configuración básica del programa, sin la fase de calentamiento. Tras 24 horas de práctica, los alumnos de la clase experimental y de la clase de control se sometieron a una prueba con el FMS. Resultados: La puntuación de estabilidad de la clase experimental aumentó de 1,58 puntos a 1,84 puntos, y la puntuación de estabilidad de rotación del tronco aumentó de 1,68 puntos a 2,05 puntos. Conclusión: Las actividades de calentamiento antes de practicar deporte pueden reducir aún más los riesgos deportivos en el proceso de enseñanza del tenis de mesa, proporcionando un entorno de educación superior mejor y más seguro para los estudiantes. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Effect of Oleanolic Acid on Abnormal Water Metabolism of Mice with Water-dampness Retention Caused by Spleen Deficiency / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of oleanolic acid （OA） on water metabolism in mice with water-dampness retention caused by spleen deficiency and the mechanism. MethodThe 60 SPF Kunming （KM） mice were randomized into blank group （n=10） and modeling group （n=50）. Through long-term living in damp place and irregular diet， water-dampness retention caused by spleen deficiency was induced in modeling mice. Then the model mice were randomly classified into model group， natural recovery group， and low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose OA groups. The mice in the blank group， model group， and natural recovery group were given （ig） 10 mL·kg-1·d-1 normal saline， and mice in the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose OA groups received 50， 100， 200 mg·kg-1·d-1 OA， respectively. The intervention lasted 7 days. Before and after modeling and administration， the general conditions of the mice were observed and body weight of mice was measured. The water content in feces and tissues was detected with the oven-drying method， and water load index and organ coefficient were measured with the weighing method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to detect the urinary D-xylose excretion， serum gastrin （GAS）， total protein （TP）， albumin （ALB）， total cholesterol （TC）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， antidiuretic hormone （AVP）， aquaporin 1 （AQP1） in renal medulla， and liver Na+-K+-ATPase. At the same time， OA was docked with ALB， IL-6， AQP1， and Na+-K+-ATPase. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed withered hair， emaciation， laziness， bradykinesia， slow weight growth， infrequent spontaneous activities， high water content in feces and tissues， low weight loss after water loading， high coefficient of each organ （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， the model group had less urinary D-xylose excretion， lower serum levels of GAS， TP， ALB， and HDL-C， higher levels of TC， LDL-C， AVP， and IL-6， lower expression of Na+-K+-ATPase in the liver， and higher expression of AQP1 in renal medulla than the blank group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The three OA groups demonstrated better general conditions， faster weight gain， more frequent spontaneous activities， lower water content in feces and tissues， larger weight loss after water loading， and lower coefficient of each organ than the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， compared with the model group， the three OA groups had high D-xylose excretion， high serum levels of GAS， TP， ALB， and HDL-C， low serum levels of TC， LDL-C， AVP， and IL-6， high expression of Na+-K+-ATPase in liver， and low expression of AQP1 in renal medulla （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The recovery in each OA group was better than that in natural recovery group. Molecular docking results also confirmed that OA had high binding affinity with ALB， IL-6， AQP1， and Na+-K+-ATPase. ConclusionOA can alleviate the abnormal water metabolism in mice with water-dampness retention caused by spleen deficiency， which lays a basis for its potential clinical application.

Research advances on the characteristics of fibroblast in keloid / 中华烧伤杂志

In re-cent 20 years, the development of cell biology technology has promoted the research of keloid. Keloid fibroblasts (KFbs) are the main effector cells in keloid, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of keloid. It is significantly different in terms of biological characteristics and gene expression between KFbs and normal fibroblasts. This articles reviews the characteristics of KFbs from multiple perspectives, describing its biological character- istics in details including microstructures, metabolic character- istics, and proliferation properties, and introducing the main characteristics of heterogeneity and genomics of KFbs. The further research on KFbs will help to elucidate the pathogenesis of keloids and provide valuable strategies for the prevention and treatment of keloids.

Effect of Etoposide on Elimination of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells by Imatinib in Vivo / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of etoposide (ETO) on elimination of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem cells by imatinib mesylate(IM) in vivo.@*METHODS@#SCL-tTA/BCR-ABL mice were used as CML animal model. Flow cytometry was used to assess the effect of ETO alone or in combination with IM on the number of leukemia stem cell （LSC） in bone marrow and spleen, and peripheral blood neutrophils in CML mice and normal control FVB mice.@*RESULTS@#The results showed that in CML mice, the number and proportion of LSC in bone marrow and the proportion of neutrophils in peripheral blood decreased significantly after ETO and IM combined treatment, and the degree of decrease was more significant than that of both alone. While in wild type FVB mice, the combination of ETO and IM showed no significant effect on the number and proportion of LSK cells in bone marrow and the proportion of neutrophils in spleen.@*CONCLUSION@#ETO can selectively enhance elimination of CML LSC by IM in vivo.

In vivo and in vitro inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry quantification of minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill and their effect on intestinal flora / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Cerebral ischemia or ischemic stroke is due to insufficient blood supply to the brain, which causes hypoxia or ischemia in some areas. This work aimed to quantify the minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vivo and in vitro, analyze its effect on the types and abundance of intestinal flora, and study its mechanism on inflammation and apoptosis pathways as a treatment for cerebral ischemia. METHODS Microwave digestion and induc?tively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to determine the minerals and heavy metals in 10 batches of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vitro. With the use of the middle cerebral artery obstruction (MCAO) model, ICP-MS was applied to determine the content of minerals and heavy metals in hepatic portal vein blood, abdominal aortic blood, brain, liver, kidney, hair, urine and feces at different time periods. On this model, the ileum, cecum, and colon tissues were tested for intestinal pathology, and 16S rRNA was used for sequencing. Species taxonomy, α diversity, and spe?cies microbial composition and structure analysis were also performed. Polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were employed to determine the mRNA and protein expression of p38 MAPK, caspase-3, IL-1β and TNF-α in the isch?emic brain tissues of rats. RESULTS The average content of heavy metals in the 10 batches of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill samples is in the descending order Hg>Cu>Pb. Significant differences in the metal elements are found among Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill from different manufacturers but not among the different batches of the same manufacturer. An extremely low content of heavy metals are absorbed into the blood or accumulated in the brain, liver, kidney, and other tissues. Stool is the main excretion route of minerals and heavy metals from Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill. This medicine helps repair the intestinal mucosa in MCAO rats. At the phylum level, it can regulate the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the intestinal flora of rats with cerebral ischemia. At the genus level, it can adjust the abundance of Escherichia Shigella. At the species level, it can adjust the abundance of Lactobacillus yoelii and Lactobacillus reuteri. Cluster classification results show that Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill can improve the intestinal flora of rats with cerebral ischemia, reduce the mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3 and IL-1βin rat brain tissues, and have a tendency to decrease the mRNA expres?sion of p38 MAPK and TNF-α. CONCLUSION Quantifying the minerals and heavy metals in Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in vivo and in vitro will help improve their quality standards. Minerals and heavy metals are mainly excreted in feces, accumu?late in extremely low levels in various tissues, and do not damage the intestinal mucosa. The effective material basis of Qishiwei Zhenzhu pill in treating cerebral ischemia may be related to their Li, Cr, and Cd elements. These pills can improve the environment of intestinal flora, and their mechanism of treatment for cerebral ischemia may be related to the down-regulation of IL-1βinflammatory factor and inhibition of cell apoptosis.

Influencing factors for first cases of varicella aggregation outbreaks in primary school in Pudong New Area of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate influencing factors of the first cases of varicella outbreaks in primary school in Pudong New Area of Shanghai and to provide scientific evidence for effective prevention and control measures against it. Methods The first 80 cases of varicella outbreaks in primary school in Pudong New Area were included for the case-control study.Immunization history, outing activities and information of out-of-school training were gathered.Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis were adopted for data analysis. Results Multivariate analysis revealed that varicella vaccination period(OR=0.08, 95%CI:0.01-0.44)was the protective factor for the first case in a varicella outbreak, while weekly frequency of visits to large commercial/supermarkets (OR=4.79, 95%CI:1.86-12.34)and weekly attendance at out-of-school training(OR=1.84, 95%CI:1.01-3.35)were risk factors of the disease. Conclusion It is important to promote the current varicella vaccine immunization strategy, to strengthen the disinfection and health education of large commercial/supermarkets and to strengthen infectious disease management, disease prevention guidance and supervision in out-of-school training institutions.

Frequent Import and Multiple Sources of Dengue Fever have Changed the Epidemic Situation of the Disease in Fujian Province, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#The aim of this study was to update the epidemic situation of dengue fever (DF) and provide new insights for the consideration of disease control in Fujian province, China.@*Methods@#Details about DF cases in Fujian reported during 2004-2017 were collected and analyzed. The envelope (E) genes of isolates of dengue virus (DENV) were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis.@*Results@#The number of imported DF cases had increased dramatically since 2013, and the source regions expanded from Southeast Asia to South Asia, America, Oceania, and Africa, as well as the surrounding provinces. This resulted in local outbreaks and indigenous cases of DF that occurred more frequently, with 10 of 13 local outbreaks and 85.9% (1,252/1,458) of indigenous cases reported in 2013-2017. Compared with only two coastal cities before 2013, four coastal and one inland city in 2013-2017 experienced the local DF outbreaks. The phylogenetic analysis of E genes confirmed that the import of DENV, not only from abroad but also from the surrounding provinces, played an important role in dissemination and local outbreaks of DF in Fujian.@*Conclusions@#The frequent import of DF cases from not only abroad but also the surrounding provinces resulted in increased incidence, frequent local outbreaks, and expansion of distribution in Fujian in recent years. There is a need for urgent measures to improve disease control in this province.

Introduction of 169 Single-flavored Drugs Included in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of Indian / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To analyze the characteristics of 169 single-flavored drugs in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of Indian， and to provide reference for China to expand new drug sources and study new indications. METHODS： Sanskrit drug names， botanical names （family names）， Chinese medicine names， medicinal parts， therapeutic uses in Ayurveda， distributions in India， distributions or cultivations （introductions） in other countries and regions， the main treatments of other countries and regions were introduced comprehensively， so as to analyze the distribution， family names characteristics， medicinal part and indication characteristics of 169 single-flavored drugs. RESULTS： Totally 169 single-flavored drugs were mostly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. There were 116 single-flavored drugs distributed throughout India （including introduction or cultivation） and medicinal； while 51 single-flavored drugs were only distributed in India； 21 single-flavored drugs were distributed and used in China； 10 single-flavored drugs have a distribution in China but have not been used； only one single-flavored drug had been used in China but had no distribution. Yunnan， Guangdong， Guangxi， Fujian were provinces （districs） where Ayurveda single-flavored drug was planted and used more frequently. Sri Lanka， Vietnam and Malaysia were countries where Ayurveda single-flavored drug was planted and used more frequently. The original plants of the 169 single-flavored drugs were derived from Euphorbiaceae and Dipterocarpaceae， Umbelliferae and Morus， etc. More roots and rhizomes were used. The types of commonly treatment diseases were digestive diseases， respiratory diseases， “symptoms， signs， and clinical and laboratory abnormalities， which cannot be classified elsewhere”， skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases， genitourinary system diseases， blood diseases， etc. The diseases with characteristic diagnosis and treatment were caused by imbalance of body wind， intermittent heat， imbalance of mucin and imbalances of three diseases. CONCLUSIONS： 169 single-flavored drugs in this paper are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions， and are often used to treat digestive diseases. This study can provide reference for the introduction and cultivation of Ayurveda single-flavored drug and for the development of new drug sources and new uses in China.

Study on Improvement Effects of Liqi Sanjie Granule on Liver-qi Stagnation Model Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the improvement effects of Liqi sanjie granule on liver-qi stagnation model rats. METHODS： According to the weight， totally 80 rats were randomly divided into blank control group （normal saline）， model control group （normal saline）， Xiaoyao pill control group （positive control a， 750 mg/kg ，calculated by crude drug）， Xiaojin pill control group （positive control b， 200 mg/kg， calculated by pill weight）， Liqi sanjie pill control group （prototype control， 1 957 mg， calculated by crude drug） and Liqi sanjie granule low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （978.5， 1 957， 3 914 mg/kg， calculated by crude drug）， with 10 rats in each group. Each group was given medicine 20 mL/kg intragastrically once a day， for consecutive 21 d. 1 h after per medication， liver-qi stagnation model was established in those groups by binding method except for blank control group. The syrup preference of rats was determined by designing syrup preference test. Rattail suspension test was adopted to determine the hanging immobility time and struggling times of mice. Open-field behavior test was used to determine total behavior score so as to judge the extent of liver-qi stagnation and effect of the drug in rats. RESULTS： Compared with blank control group， hanging immobility time of model control group was significantly prolonged， the syrup preference and the total behavior score of open field test were decreased significantly， with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model control group， the struggling times of rats were increased significantly in Xiaojin pill control group， Liqi sanjie pill control group and Liqi sanjie granule medium-dose group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the hanging immobility time of Xiaoyao pill control group， Xiaojin pill control group， Liqi sanjie pill control group， Liqi sanjie granule low-dose and medium-dose groups were shortened significantly； syrup preference and total behavior score of open-field behavior test were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with Liqi sanjie pill control group， the struggling times of rats were decreased significantly and hanging immobility time were prolonged significantly only in Liqi sanjie granule high-dose group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； there was no statistical significance in above indexes of rats in Liqi sanjie granule low-dose and medium-dose groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Liqi sanjie granule can significantly improve liver-qi stagnation caused by binding method， and the effects of low-dose and medium-dose Liqi sanjie granule are similar to those of Liqi sanjie pill.

Study on Long-term Toxicity of Liqi Sanjie Extractum in Rats with Intragastric Administration / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the long-term toxicity of Liqi sanjie extractum in rats after intragastric administration， and to provide reference for safety evaluation before clinical practice. METHODS： A total of 160 rats were randomly divided into control group （normal saline） and Liqi sanjie extractum low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （7.828 0， 15.656 0， 31.312 0 g/kg， calculated by crude drug）， with 40 rats in each group. They were given relevant medicine intragastrically once a day from Monday to Saturday. The experimental period was 120 days， and the recovery period was 30 days after the end of the experiment. General information of rats was observed， and body weight and feed consumption of rats were measured once a week. At the 61st day of administration， the end of administration and the end of recovery period， 10， 20 and 10 rats were collected from each group to observe their hematology， blood biochemistry， organ coefficient and histopathology changes. RESULTS： From 61st day to 120th day of administration， the rats of Liqi sanjie extractum high-dose group had hair loss and erection， and recovered after withdrawal of medicine. During medication， the body weight of mice in Liqi sanjie extractum low-dose and medium-dose groups increased faster than control group， while the body weight of rats in Liqi sanjie extractum high-dose group increased slower than control group. Compared with control group， the feed consumption of Liqi sanjie extractum low-dose group increased， while those of Liqi sanjie extractum medium-dose and high-dose groups decreased； the rats were recovered after drug withdrawal. On the 61st day of administration and after the end of administration， some hematological indexes， blood biochemical indexes and organ coefficients of rats in administration group were significantly different from those of control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The hematology， blood biochemistry and organ coefficients of rats were basically recovered after the end of the recovery period. The number of erythrocyte， hematocrit， standard deviation of erythrocyte width， albumin， globulin ratio and potassium K+ levels in Liqi sanjie extractum low-dose group were significantly lower than those in control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The absolute value of intermediate cells in blood of rats in Liqi sanjie extractum medium-dose group was significantly higher than that of control group （P＜0.05）， and the mean hemoglobin concentration， K+ and uterine coefficient in blood were significantly lower than those of control group （P＜0.05）. The number of white blood cells， absolute value of lymphocyte， absolute value of intermediate cells， the percentage of intermediate cells， prothrombin time and spleen coefficient in Liqi sanjie extractum high-dose group were significantly higher than those in the control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Mean hemoglobin concentration， granulocyte percentage， albumin， alkaline phosphatase and K+ were significantly lower than those in the control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. No abnormalities in systemic autopsy and histopathology were noticed in rats. CONCLUSIONS： Long-term intragastric administration of Liqi sanjie extractum can cause certain toxic reactions in rats， and low dose of Liqi sanjie extractum causes less and lighter toxic reactions which can be automatically recovered after drug withdrawal. It can provide reference for the determination of clinical safe dose.

Study on the Dose-time-effect Relationship of Tibetan Medicine Rannasangpei in Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Model Rats with Intragastric Administration / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study the dose-time-effect relationship of Tibetan medicine Rannasangpei in cerebral ischemic- reperfusion injury model rats with intragastric administration. METHODS： The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （normal saline， 10 mL/kg）， model control group （normal saline， 10 mL/kg）， positive control group （nimodipine， 30      mg/kg）， Rannasangpei different dose groups （0.52， 1.04， 2.08， 4.17， 8.33， 16.67， 33.34， 66.68， 133.36， 266.72 and 533.44    mg/kg）， with 18 rats in each group. Each group was given relevant medicine intragastrically once； 25 min after intragastric administration， cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury model was established with suture-occluded method in those groups except for sham operation group. 24， 48， 72 h after cerebral ischemia， neuroethology of rats were graded in each group. The rate of cerebral infraction was detected to evaluate the optimal effective time， the optimal dose （Dmax） and maximal effect （the rate of minimum cerebral infraction， Emax） of Ratnasampil at different periods of cerebral ischemia. Dose-time-effect relationship of Rannasangpei dose with the rate of cerebral infraction was fitted with Thermo Kinetica 5.1 software. The area under curve （AUClast） and retention dose （MRTlast） of dose-effect curve were calculated， and detect the levels of SOD and MDA. RESULTS： Compared with sham operation group， the neurobehavior of model group was significantly abnormal （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and the rate of cerebral infarction was significantly increased （P＜0.01）； the level of SOD was decreased significantly （P＜0.01， 48 h）， and the level MDA was increased significantly （P＜0.05， 48 h）. Compared with model control group， there was no significant change in neurobehavioral abnormalities in the nimodipine group （P＞0.05）， and the rate of cerebral infraction was decreased significantly （P＜0.01， 24， 48 h）. The level of SOD in rats were increased significantly （P＜0.01， 48 h）， while the level MDA decreased significantly （P＜0.05， 48 h）. Rannasangpei 2.08-33.34 mg/kg could significantly improved neurobehavioral abnormalities （P＜0.05， 24 h）； 24 h after cerebral ischemia， the rate of cerebral infraction was decreased significantly in Rannasangpei 4.17-133.36 mg/kg group （the lowest is 33.34 mg/kg group， P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The level of SOD in rats were increased significantly in 33.34-533.44 mg/kg groups （P＜0.05）. the level MDA was decreased significantly in 0.52-2.08， 8.33， 33.34， 266.72 and 533.44 mg/kg groups （P＜0.05）. Dmax was 33.34 mg/kg， Emax was 3.02％， AUClast was 5 141.76 mg/kg and MRTlast was 329.161 mg/kg. 48 h after cerebral ischemia， the rate of cerebral infraction was decreased significantly in Rannasangpei 2.08-133.36 mg/kg groups （the lowest is 66.68 mg/kg group， P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， while the level of SOD was increased significantly in 1.04-533.44（except for 4.17）mg/kg groups （P＜0.05）. The level of MDA was decreased significantly in 16.67-66.68， 533.44 mg/kg groups （P＜0.05）， Dmax was 66.68 mg/kg， Emax was 2.13％， AUClast was    5 219.36 mg/kg and MRTlast was 340.521 mg/kg. 72 h after cerebral ischemia， the rate of cerebral infraction and the level of MDA had no significant decreased in Rannasangpei groups （P＞0.05）， and the levels of SOD had no significant increase （except for 0.52 mg/kg group， P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： The optimal effective time of Rannasangpei for the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats is 48 h， and the Dmax is 66.68 mg/kg. The improvement mechanism may be related to increase the level of SOD and decrease the level of MDA.

Study on the etiology of rash and fever illness in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2010 to 2017 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate the pathogens spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of rash and fever illness (RFIs) from January 2010 to December 2017 in Pudong New Area, in order to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control ofRFIs.Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the pathogens of enterovirus, measles virus, rubella virus and others from 2 831 clinical samples, and statistical analysis was performed.Results Pathogens were found in 1 633 samples in total, accounting for 68.59%. The top 4 viruses in the pathogen spectrum were enterovirus (52.54%), measles virus (28.54%), rubella virus (13.04%), and varicella-zoster virus (3.37%). There was significnat difference in the detection rate of rubella pathogens among patients of different genders(P=0.026). In the pathogen spectrum of infections of different age groups, the detection rate of enteroviruses at the age of 3-6 years was higher than that of other age groups. The detection rate of varicella-zoster virus at the age of 6-18 years old was higher than that of other age groups. The detection rate of virus including measles virus, rubella virus, dengue virus and small DNA virus in age of 18 and older was higher than that of other age groups. There was significant difference in the detection rate of pathogens in different age groups (all P<0.05).The incidence of RFIs was the highest in spring (41.52%) and the lowest in winter (15.00%). There was a statistical difference in the detection rate of enterovirus, measles, rubella and dengue virus in different seasons (P<0.05).Conclusions Enteroviruses and measles viruses are the main pathogens leading to RFIs in Pudong New Area, and the activity level of RFIs pathogens should be monitored for a long time.

Cancer stem-like cell-derived exosomes promotes the proliferation and invasion of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of Piwil2-induced cancer stem-like cell (Piwil2-iCSC)-derived exosomes on the proliferation,migration and invasion of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs).@*METHODS@#Piwil2-iCSC-derived exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified using transmission electron microscopy,nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting.Exosome uptake assay was used to identify the pathway that Piwil2-iCSCderived exosomes utilized.HucMSCs were divided into control group,PBS intervention group and exosome intervention group,and CCK-8 assay,wound healing assay,Transwell assay,Western blotting and cell karyotype analysis were used to observe the proliferation,migration,invasion,expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 proteins,and chromosome structure of hucMSCs.@*RESULTS@#The diameter of Piwil2-iCSC-derived exosomes ranged from 50 nm to 100 nm,and most of them were oval or spherical capsules rich in CD9,CD63 and Piwil2 proteins.Exosomal uptake assay showed that the exosomes executed theirs functions after entering the cells.Compared with the control cells and PBS-treated cells,hucMSCs treated with the exosomes showed significantly increased number of proliferating cells (<0.05) with accelerated healing rate (<0.05 at 24 h;<0.01 at 48 h),increased invasive cells (<0.01),enhanced protein expressions of MMP2(<0.05 PBS group;<0.01 control group) and MMP9(<0.05),but their karyotype still remained 46XY without any abnormalities.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Piwil2-iCSC-derived exosomes can promote the proliferation,migration and invasion but does not cause cancer-like heterogeneity changes in hucMSCs.

Mechanism of apoptosis induced by SR1078 activating RORα in ovarian cancer cells / 药学学报

This study was to investigate the effect of RORα activator SR1078 on ovarian cancer cells and its molecular mechanism in vitro. The survival rate of HeyA8 and Hey cells was detected by MTS assay; the apoptosis and cells cycle distribution after SR1078 treatment and the effect of p53 siRNA or PFT-α and PFT-β of p53 inhibitors on SR1078-induced apoptosis of HeyA8 or Hey cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the effect of SR1078 and p53 siRNA on the expression of p53 protein and the effect of p53 inhibitors alone or in combination with SR1078 on the expression of p53, p-p53 and its downstream pro-apoptotic protein Noxa. The results showed that SR1078 significantly reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis in HeyA8 and Hey cells. In addition, SR1078 up-regulated the protein expression of p53 and Noxa, and p53 suppression led to significant inhibition of SR1078-induced apoptosis and the expression of Noxa in ovarian cancer cells. In summary, SR1078 induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells by activation of p53 signaling pathway.

Research progress on pharmacological action of notoginsenoside R1 / 中国药理学通报

Sanqi in Chinese herbal medicine is the root and rhi-zoma of Panax notoginseng (Burk.)F.H.Chen. As the effects of strengthening with tonics, promoting blood circulation to re-move blood stasis,relieving swelling and pain and hemostasia,it is widely used as a tonic medicine in the traditional Chinese medicine. The main active constituents of Sanqi are panax noto-ginseng saponins,including ginsenoside Rg1,Rb1 and notogin-senoside R1. Notoginsenoside R1 is one of the unique monomer compositions of panax notoginseng,which is often used as an in-gredient indicator in new drug research and development.In cur-rent years, the scientists have been conducted tremendous fun-damental studies to research the pharmacological activities of no-toginsenoside R1, to reveal its protective effects on the cardio-vascular system,central nervous system as well as to many other aspects. It is hoped that the relevant study about the pharmaco-logical action of notoginsenoside R1 would help its further clini-cal application. This paper mainly reviews the research on the pharmacological mechanism of notoginsenoside R1 in recent years.

Clinical significance of distribution of ABO blood group in patients with deep sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To explore the clinical significance of distribution of ABO blood group in patients with deep sternal wound infection(DSWI)after cardiac surgery.Methods Clinical data of 84 patients with DSWI after cardiac surgery in the department of cardiothoracic surgery in General Hospital of China Aviation of China Medical University in 2012-2014 were analyzed retrospectively, according to ABO blood group, patients were divided into 4 groups:A blood group, B blood group, AB blood group, and O blood group, according to whether the blood group was A group, they were divided into A blood group and non-A blood group.Distribution of ABO blood group in DSWI patients was analyzed, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and etiological characteristics of DSWI patients with different ABO blood groups were compared.Results Among patients with DSWI, A blood group and non-A blood group were 33 cases(39.3％)and 51 cases(60.7％)respectively(B, O, and AB blood group were 16 cases[19.1％], 29 cases[34.5％], and 6 cases[7.1％]respectively);the proportion of A blood group in DSWI patients was higher than that of the healthy population, but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.055). Distribution of baseline characteristics and incidences of various clinical manifestations among DSWI patients of different blood groups were not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).However, compared with non-A blood group or other ABO blood groups, DSWI patients with A blood group had higher incidence of elevated white blood cell count, difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05), positive detection rate of gram-positive bacteria in A blood group was also higher, difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).In addition, only 3 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected only in B blood group, while gram-negative bacteria were not detected in AB blood group. Conclusion ABO blood group may play a role in the pathogenesis of DSWI after cardiac surgery, which may be associated with a specific bacterial infection.

Expressions of CaSR and Claudin-14 and the formation of nanobacterial renal stone: A dynamic study / 医学研究生学报

Objective Nanobacteria are one of the factors for urinary calculi and its exact pathogenic mechanism is not yet clear.The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the CaSR -Claudin-14 regulatory channel in the formation of calculi . Methods Sixty Wistar male rats were equally randomized into a normal control group and nanobacterial group , the former injected via the tail vein with 1.2 mL of 0.9％ sodium chloride solution while the latter with 1.2 mL of nanobacterial suspension , both for once.Three of the rats in each group were sacrificed every week in the first 10 weeks after injection.Histopathological examination was performed every week to evaluate the stone formation in the kidneys of the rats , and the expressions of the CaSR and Claudin -14 proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results From the 1st to the 10th week after injection, crystal particles were observed in the rat kidneys of the nanobacterial group, but not in the normal controls (52.4％ vs 0％, P<0.01).The expressions of CaSR and Claudin -14 showed no statistically significant differences between the nanobacterial and control groups in the first 3 weeks (P>0.05) but both gradually in-creased in the former group from the 4th to the 10th week as compared with the latter, mainly in membrane of the renal tubular epithelial cells. Conclusion The increased activity of the CaSR -Claudin-14 regulatory channel may play an important role in the formation of nanobacterial renal stone .

Effect of 17β-estradiol on renal tubular cells apoptosis and inflammation induced by renal ischemia /reperfusion injury in rats / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the effects and mechanism of 17β-estradiol on the apoptosis and inflammation of renal tubular cells in rats with renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods All the female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and randomly divided into four groups: Control group, Sham group, I/R group and estrogen plus I/R (E2 + I/R) group (n = 8). Right kidney of the rat was excised and artery of the left kidney was blockaded for 45 min.24 h after the reperfusion, we collected the blood and nephridial tissue of each group. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure the expression level of BUN and Cr in blood. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes and the degree of inflammatory reaction of the ischemia/reperfusion injury kidney. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to detect the apoptosis of renal tubular cells. The expression levels of Cleaved-Caspase-3 protein were measured by Western blot, while the numbers of CD4+ T lymphocyte infiltration in each group were tested by immunofluorescence (IF). Results Compared with the Sham group, expression level of BUN, Cr and Cleaved-Caspase-3 in I/R group significantly increased (P＜0.05) as well as the number of apoptotic cells (P＜0.05). In the meantime, inflammatory reaction significantly aggravated (P＜0.05) and the number of CD4 + T lymphocytes increased remarkably (P＜0.05). However, expression level of BUN, Cr and Gleaved-Caspase-3 in E2 + I/R group decreased significantly (P＜0.05) and the pathological damage in the kidney was alleviated (P＜0.05) compared with I/R group, furthermore, the number of apoptotic cells decreased (P＜0.05) compared with I/R group. The inflammatory reaction significantly blunted (P＜0.05) and the infiltration of CD4 + T lymphocytes decreased remarkably (P＜0.05) compared with I/R group. Conclusion Estrogen can inhibit the expression of Cleaved-Caspase-3 in renal tissue during ischemia/reperfusion injury and reduce the apoptosis of renal tubular cells. It can also reduce the infiltration of CD4 + T lymphocytes, thus playing a protective role on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Analysis of fat-soluble components of nuts oil from Prunus mira in Derong County by GC-MS / 中成药

AIM To analyze fat-soluble components of nuts oil from Prunus mira Koehne in Derong County.METHODS The nuts oil from P.mira was extracted by hot pressing method and then was isolated and identified by GC-MS,together with relative content determination of various compounds.The results were analyzed by cluster analysis and principal component analysis.RESULTS Twenty compounds were isolated from nuts oil in Duosong Village,with higher contents of β-sitosterol,trans-squalene,oleic acid hydroxypropyl ester,and one endemic compound (4-methyl nonane).Twenty-two compounds were isolated from nuts oil in Ridui Village,with higher contents of β-sitosterol,oleic acid,γ-tocopherol,and one endemic compound (cyclohexane,1,2,4-trimethyl-).Twenty-four compounds were isolated from nuts oil in Ronggong Village,with higher contents of oleic acid,β-sitosterol and trans-squalene.Twenty-two compounds were isolated from nuts oil in Zhangren Village,with higher contents of β-sitosterol,oleic acid,γ-tocopherol,and two endemic compounds (trans-2,4-decadienal and octacosanal).Ten batches of samples were divided into six types.The cumulative contribution rate of the first principal component was 81.86％ in Duosong Village.CONCLUSION Thirty-five compounds in nuts oil from P.mira in Derong County mainly contain oleic acid,β-sitosterol,trans-squalene,γ-tocopherol and vitamin E,with four endemic compounds.

Progress on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw / 华西口腔医学杂志

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe complication of bisphosphonates (BPs) or other targeted agent therapies. MRONJ appears as exposed bone, pus, and swelling in the oral and maxillofacial regions. However, neither surgery nor conservative therapy can eliminate symptoms thoroughly. In addition to BPs, several antiresorptive and antiangiogenic agents, such as denosumab and bevacizumab, as well as targeted agents, such as sunitinib and temsirolimus, can cause osteonecrosis of  the  jaw according to the literature. This review aims to summarize the research progress on these new drugs.