ABSTRACT
For local treatment of ulcerative colitis, a new azoreductase driven prodrug CDDO-AZO from bardoxolone methyl (CDDO-Me) and 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) was designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. It is proposed that orally administrated CDDO-AZO is stable before reaching the colon, while it can also be triggered by the presence of azoreductase in the colon to fragment into CDDO-Me and 5-ASA, generating potent anti-colitis effects. Superior to olsalazine (OLS, a clinically used drug for ulcerative colitis) and CDDO-Me plus 5-ASA, CDDO-AZO significantly attenuated inflammatory colitis symptoms in DSS-induced chronic colitis mice, which suggested that CDDO-AZO may be a promising anti-ulcerative colitis agent.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Colitis/drug therapy , Mesalamine/pharmacology , Nitroreductases , Oleanolic Acid/pharmacology , ProdrugsABSTRACT
To search for potent anti-ischemic stroke agents, a series of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP)/resveratrol (RES) hybrids 6a-t were designed and synthesized. These hybrids inhibited adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- or arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation, among them, 6d, 6g-i, 6o and 6q were more active than TMP. The most active compound 6h exhibited more potent anti-platelet aggregation activity than TMP, RES, as well as positive control ticlopidine (Ticlid) and aspirin (ASP). Furthermore, 6h exerted strong antioxidative activity in a dose-dependent manner in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells which were treated with hydrogen peroxide (HO) or hydroxyl radical (·OH). Importantly, 6h significantly protected primary neuronal cells suffered from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury, comparable to an anti-ischemic drug edaravone (Eda). Together, our findings suggest that 6h may be a promising candidate warranting further investigation for the intervention of ischemic stroke.
ABSTRACT
The present study was designed to synthesize 2-Cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1, 9(11)-en-28-oate-13β, 28-olide (1), a lactone derivative of oleanolic acid (OA) and evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 1 significantly diminished nitric oxide (NO) production and down-regulated the mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Further in vivo studies in murine model of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) showed that 1 possessed more potent protective effects than the well-known anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone by inhibiting myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, reducing total cells and neutrophils, and suppressing inflammatory cytokines expression, and thus ameliorating the histopathological conditions of the injured lung tissue. In conclusion, compound 1 could be developed as a promising anti-inflammatory agent for intervention of LPS-induced ALI.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Acute Lung Injury , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Allergy and Immunology , Cyclooxygenase 2 , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Interleukin-1beta , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Interleukin-6 , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Lipopolysaccharides , Lung , Allergy and Immunology , Macrophages , Allergy and Immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Neutrophils , Allergy and Immunology , Oleanolic Acid , Peroxidase , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Genetics , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Considering that high levels of nitric oxide (NO) exert anti-cancer effect and the derivatives of oleanolic acid (OA) have shown potent anti-cancer activity, new O-vinyl diazeniumdiolate-based NO releasing derivatives (5a-l, 11a-l) of OA were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated in the present study. These derivatives could release different amounts of NO in liver cells. Among them, 5d, 5i, 5j, 11g, 11h, and 11j released more NO in SMMC-7721 cells and displayed stronger proliferative inhibition against SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells than OA and other tested compounds. The most active compound 5j showed almost 20-fold better solubility than OA in aqueous solution, released larger amounts of NO in liver cancer cells than that in normal ones, and exhibited potent anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity but little effect on the normal liver cells. The inhibitory activity against the cancer cells was significantly diminished upon addition of an NO scavenger, suggesting that NO may contribute, at least in part, to the activity of 5j.