ABSTRACT
Objective To measure the average value of CT lung density at the phase of end inspiration and end expiration in children under 5 years.Methods Sixty patients with normal lungs who underwent chest CT for reasons caused by trauma etc.in our institute from January 2010 to March 2012 were enrolled to the study.All of the patients were divided into end inspiration group and end expiration group through random number table.CT images of the phase of end inspiration and end expiration were taken.Three levels of CT images were chosen to measure the lung density,which were 2 cm above the arch,1 cm below the carina and 2 cm above diaphragm.Lung density was measured at anterior,posterior,lateral,medial and central of the images at each level in each lung.The average lung density of each and entire lung were respectively calculated.The influence of phase,level,location was quantified using analysis of variance methods and LSD method.Results The average lung density at end inspiration was (-766 ±56)HU for the left,right and both lung.At end expiration,the average lung density of the left,right and both lungs was (-625 ± 86),(-647 ± 85) and (-636 ± 86) HU respectively.The average densities at anterior,posterior,lateral,medial and central of the left lung at end inspiration were (-798±63),(-733±68),(-767±64),(-754 ±65),(-775 ±63)HU respectively.The average densities at anterior,posterior,lateral,medial and central of the right lung were (-796 ± 70),(-736 ± 65),(-769 ± 64),(-754 ± 62),(-776-± 59) HU respectively.At end expiration phase,the average densities at anterior,posterior,lateral,medial and central of the left lung were (-692±91),(-555±116),(-639±91),(-598±103),(-640±98) HU respectively.The average densities at anterior,posterior,lateral,medial and central of the right lung were (-712 ± 90),(-575±121),(-657±90),(-619±95),(-670±87) HU respectively.The statistical differences of these five measurement areas were significant at both inspiration and expiration phase (F=12.55,11.29,23.31,25.47,P＜0.01).The posterior lung density was the highest and the anterior was the lowest.As for the other measurement areas,in descending order were medial,lateral,and central.Conclusion The lung density at end inspiration and end expiration in children under 5 years old is described to provide reference for the clinical work.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the prenatal genetic diagnostic methods for hemophilia A fetus.Methods From 2002 to 2006,19 hemophilia A families were diagnosed either by long distance-polymerase chain reaction(LD-PCR)for factor Ⅷ intron 22 inversion or by the DNA polymorphism genetic linkage analysis of factorⅧin the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital.Results (1)Totally 19 women,with 22pregnancies received the prenatal diagnosis of fetal hemophilia A.The average week at diagnosis was 23(17-34)weeks.All the direct fetal blood sampling(DFBS)were successful.There was no fetal-loss caused by the procedures.(2)Of the 19 hemophilia A families,14 appeared to be factorⅧintron 22inversion,in which 16 prenatal diagnoses were done,10 fetuses were diagnosed as genetical hemophilia A patients,and 6 fetuses were normal.(3)Using combined polymorphism genetic linkage analysis 6 prenatal diagnoses were done,including one woman's two pregnancies,in which both her fetuses were diagnosed as genetical hemophilia A patients.(4)Factor Ⅷ levels of 16 fetuses were measured,and 6 fetuses were unmeasured either because the pregnancy weeks were lower than 20 weeks or the parents refused.Factor Ⅷlevel ranged from 0 to 198%.There were 11 fetuses whose factor Ⅷ levels were lower than 10%.Ten of them were diagnosed to be genetical hemophilia A patients,and in only one boy the factorⅧlevel was 2%,but the genetic diagnosis was normal and for one year's follow up he was doing normal.Conclusion LDPCR combined with polymorphism genetic linkage analysis enables a quick and correct detection ofhemophilia A carrier.For a carrier pregnancy.prenatal diagnosis could be done for the male fetus.Factor Ⅷ deficiency of the fetus could help make the diagnosis but the final diagnosis should be based on genetic evidence.
ABSTRACT
Objective To develop a technique for the detection of genotypes of ?-thalassemia, which was rapid and automatical with high through-put.Methods The Real Time PCR and dissociation curve analysis (D.C) were carried out by using SYBR Green1 on ABI7000.Positive results of the 3 SYBR-Q-PCRs were defined by the -dF/t℃≥cut off value of the peak at the specific Tm for each right PCR product.Three PCR products were recombined with the T-vector.The correct positive clones were selected by sequencing.Standard curves of the CT vs. log values of copies were done from a serious dilutions of the recombinant plasmid DNA which served as the template in SYBR-Q-PCRs.Results The conditions of the PCR including concentrations of primers, thurmocycler program etc.were optimized.Specific Tm values for the 3 SYBR-Q-PCRs were 82.5?1℃, 83.0?℃ and 84.0?1℃ respectively. The standard curves for p800 bp and p206 bp DNA showed a good linear relationship between CT and log value of the copies of the template DNA ranging from 10~5 copies to single copy. Sensitivity of the technique were at least 10~1 to 10~2 times higher than that of the regular PCR plus gel electrophoresis method.The techniques and reagents showed very good reproducibility and stability besides the high sensitivity. The ?-thalassemia 1(??/--SEA), Bart′s Hydrops Syndrom (--SEA/--SEA), deletion type and non-deletion type of HbH diseases, and homozygote of ?-thalassemia-2 were diagnosed by the methods.Conclusion The genotypes of the ?-Thalassemia could be diagnosed by the Real-time PCR with SYBR Green1 combined with the melting curve analysis.rapidly, automatically, accurately with high throughput and without dual fluorescent labeled probe.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study quality of life and life satisfaction among the elderly population dwelling in Ji'nan. Method:1386 elderly people were interviewed with“the Short-Form 36 Health Survey Scale”by the investigators who were trained in advance.Results:The prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 65.1%. The main influencing factors of life satisfaction were mental health condition, family harmony, marriage condition, chronic diseases, and income. The main influencing factors of life quality are life satisfaction, chronic diseases, mental health condition, activities of daily life, family harmony, and income.Conclusion:Life satisfaction is closely associated with life quality of elderly people. The physical, psychological, social and economic conditions have significant effect on life quality of elderly people.