Effect of Cyr61 on Imatinib Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Its Mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of Cyr61 on imatinib (IM) resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#Cyr61 level in cell culture supernatant was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of Cyr61 and Bcl-xL were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot. Cell apoptosis was analyzed using an Annexin V-APC Kit. Expression of signal pathways related proteins was determined by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#The level of Cyr61 obviously increased in K562G cells (IM resistance to CML cell line K562). Down-regulating the expression of Cyr61 decreased the resistance of K562G cells to IM and promoted IM induced apoptosis. In CML mouse model, down-regulating the expression of Cyr61 could increase the sensitivity of K562G cells to IM. The mechanism studies showed that Cyr61 mediated IM resistance in CML cells was related to the regulation of ERK1/2 pathways and apoptosis related molecule Bcl-xL by Cyr61.@*CONCLUSION@#Cyr61 plays an important role in promoting IM resistance of CML cells. Targeting Cyr61 or its related effectors pathways may be one of the ways to overcome IM resistance of CML cells.

Chinese medicine Jiangzhuo mixture regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in obese rats through TLR4/I κB α/NF- κB signaling pathway / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the mechanism of Chinese medicine Jiangzhuo mixture regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in obese rats.@*METHODS@#Thirty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, and Jiangzhuo mixture treatment group, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the normal control group were fed with normal diet, the obesity model was induced by feeding high-fat diet in the model control group and the Jiangzhuo mixture treatment group, the rats in the treatment group were given with Jiangzhuo mixture 50 g/kg by gavage. After 8 weeks of intervention, the blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were measured in the three groups. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR were used to detect the expression levels of PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in white and brown adipose tissues of the rats in each group; Western blotting was used to detect the expression of PRDM16 in the white and brown adipose tissue of rats, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα) in the white adipose tissue; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of UCP1 protein in white and brown adipose tissues.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal control group, the white fat weight (P<0.01), white fat coefficient (P<0.05) and Lee's coefficient (P<0.01) were significantly increased in the model control group; the contents of GLU, TC, TG and LDL-C were all increased, and the content of TG was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the model control group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PRDM16 and UCP1 in white fat and brown fat were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the model control group. Compared with the model control group, the white fat weight and white fat coefficient and Lee's coefficient were significantly reduced in the Jiangzhuo mixture treatment group (all P<0.01), the levels of GLU, TC, TG, and LDL-C in the the treatment group were all reduced, and the content of TG was reduced more obviously (P<0.01); expression levels of PRDM16 and UCP1 mRNA and protein were increased in brown and white adipose tissue. Compared with the normal control group, the expression levels of TLR4, phospho-IκBα and NF-κB-p65 proteins in white adipose tissue of the model control group were significantly increased (all P<0.01), while the expression levels of these proteins in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the model control group (all P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Jiangzhuo mixture can alleviate high-fat diet-induced increase in body fat, abnormal expression of biochemical indexes and promote the expression of key proteins including UCP1 and PRDM16 in white and brown adipose tissues by regulating TLR4/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway.

T-cell lymphoma with rhabdomyolysis: case report and literature review

Rhabdomyolysis refers to the destruction or disintegration of striated muscles. This syndrome is characterized by muscle breakdown and necrosis, resulting in the leakage of intracellular muscle constituents into the circulation and extracellular fluid. We report a rare case of rhabdomyolysis complicating multi-organ failure caused by T-cell lymphoma in a 32-year-old woman. The final diagnosis was rhabdomyolysis caused by peripheral T-cell lymphoma based on bone marrow aspirate and biopsy.

The effect of long-term high-fat diet on hippocampal neurons ultrastructural and cognitive function in obese rats / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of long-term high-fat diet on cognitive function and hippocampus neurons ultrastructure in obese rats.Methods Forty SD rats were randomly assigned to a high fat diet (HFD) group and a common diet (CD) group.Meanwhile,HFD-induced obese rat model were established.The spatial learning and memory were measured by the Morris water maze,and the neurons ultrastructural changes in rat hippocampus CA1 region at the corresponding period were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results The average weight of rats was 25％,28％,and 22％ higher in the HFD group than in the CD group at the 12,16,and 20 weeks,respectively;the Lee's indexes were 6％,4％,and 8％ higher;the average swimming latency were 52％,44％,and 40％ longer;the average swimming distance were 85％,45％,and 51％ longer;the average swimming speed were 57％,34％,and 18％ higher;the duration of staying in the target quadrant were 32％,54％,and 63％ shorter;and the average times of crossing the plate form were 30％,34％,and 34％ shorter,respectively (all P ＜0.001).In comparison of ultrastructure in hippocampus CA1 region of rats at corresponding time points,the amounts of degenerated and necrosis neurons,of the deformed and vacuolar mitochondria,and of the less rough endoplasmic reticulum were significantly more at 12,16,and 20 weeks in the HFD group than in the CD group.Conclusions Long-term HFD-induced obesity damages the structure of neurons in the hippocampus,impairs spatial learning and memory function,and accelerates cognitive aging in rats.

Long-term high-fat diet inhibits hippocampal expression of insulin receptor substrates and accelerates cognitive deterioration in obese rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the effect of long-term high-fat diet on the expressions of insulin receptor substrates in the hippocampus and spatial learning and memory ability of obese rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 100 4-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups and fed with common diet (CD group, n=40) or high-fat diet (HFD group, n=60) for 16 weeks. At 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks, 8 rats were randomly selected from each group for testing their spatial learning and memory function using Morris water maze. After the tests, the rats were sacrificed for measurement of the metabolic parameters and detection of the expressions of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 mRNAs in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those in CD group, the rats in HFD group showed a prolonged escape latency, longer swimming distance, faster average swimming speed, and shorter stay in the platformat 12 weeks. In HFD group, the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting insulin were all significantly increased (P<0.05) and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (P<0.01) in comparison with those in CD group at each of the time points. No significant difference was found in fast glucose levels between the two groups (P>0.05), but the expressions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 mRNAs were significantly decreased in HFD group at 12 weeks (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In obese rats, long-term feeding with high-fat diet leads to insulin resistance, which interferes with hippocampal expression of insulin receptor substrates and insulin metabolism to cause impairment of the cognitive function and accelerate cognitive deterioration.</p>

The lived experience of family members caring for schizophrenia patients at home:a systematic review of qualitative studies / 中华护理杂志

Objective To systematically review and synthesize the lived experience of family members caring for schizophrenia patients at home,in order to provide evidence for community and home nursing. Methods We searched databases including The Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMbase,ISI Web of Science,PsycINFO,CINAHL,CBM, CNKI,VIP and Wanfang from inception to April 2017,to collect qualitative studies in the experience of family members caring for schizophrenia patients at home. The quality of included studies was evaluated according to JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies in Australia. Results A total of 31 studies were included,and 141 complete findings were grouped according to their similarities to form 8 categories. These categories resulted in two synthesized findings:Integration Results 1:It brought family members a negative influence in care process because of excessive pressure and burden,but over time,they were slowly accepting the fact and trying to cope with dis-ease;Integration Results 2:Patients were unable to take care of themselves,and caregivers were helpless and wanted assistance from the government and the health care system. Conclusion The government and health system should pay more attention to the impact of schizophrenia on family members who take care of schizophrenia patients. In the process of care,patients should be given support,guidance and encouragement,which help family members to improve coping abilities of psychology and disease,and to promote physical and mental health of schizophrenia pa-tients and their family members.

Sevoflurane preconditioning inhibits brain injury in hypoxic mice / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To observe the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on brain injury in hypoxic mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control (C) group, hypoxia (H) group,2% sevoflurane preconditioning for 30 min + hypoxia(S1+H) group,2% sevoflurane preconditioning for 60 min+hypoxia (S2+H) group and 4% sevoflurane preconditioning for 30 min + hypoxia(S3+H) group. The hypoxia model was established by continuous inhalation of(6.5±0.1)% O2for 24 h. The sevoflurane preconditioning treatments,S1,S2 and S3,were conducted by inhalation of 2% sevoflurane for 30 min,2% sevoflurane for 60 min and 4% sevoflurane for 30 min,respectively,with the carrier of(21.0±0.5)% O2,followed by washout for 15 min and then hypoxia treatment. The histological changes of the hippocampal CA1 area were observed under light microscope and transmission electron micro-scope(TEM),and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured by colorimetric method. Furthermore, the protein levels of erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in brain tissue homogenate were ex-amined by ELISA,and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and gluta-thione peroxidase(GPx) were measured by microplate reader. RESULTS:After hypoxia for 24 h,cell edema or pyknosis in the hippocampal CA1 area was observed in H group. Sevoflurane preconditioning reduced hypoxic injury, and the cell ultrastructure under TEM was significantly improved in S2+H group. Compared with C group,the serum LDH activity and the levels of EPO,VEGF and MDA in brain tissues were significantly increased in H group,while the activity of SOD and GPx decreased. After sevoflurane pretreatment,the serum LDH activity and the levels of EPO and VEGF in brain tissues were lower than those in H group,and the most significant difference was observed in S2+H group. Moreover, the MDA content and SOD activity decreased,and the GPx activity increased in the sevoflurane preconditioning groups. CONCLU-SION:Sevoflurane preconditioning attenuates brain injury in hypoxic mice by regulating antihypoxic protein synthesis and reducing oxidative stress.

Detecting the spectrum of multigene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer by Snapshot assay / 癌症

As molecular targets continue to be identified and more targeted inhibitors are developed for personalized treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), multigene mutation determination will be needed for routine oncology practice and for clinical trials. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of multigene mutation testing by using the Snapshot assay in NSCLC. We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 110 consecutive NSCLC specimens for which epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing was performed between November 2011 and December 2011 using Sanger sequencing. Using the Snapshot assay, mutation statuses were detected for EGFR, Kirsten rate sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic alpha polypeptide (PIK3CA), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF), v-ras neuroblastoma viral oncogene homolog (NRAS), dual specificity mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in patient specimens and cell line DNA. Snapshot data were compared to Sanger sequencing data. Of the 110 samples, 51 (46.4%) harbored at least one mutation. The mutation frequency in adenocarcinoma specimens was 55.6%, and the frequencies of EGFR, KRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, and MEK1 mutations were 35.5%, 9.1%, 3.6%, 0.9%, and 0.9%, respectively. No mutation was found in the HER2, NRAS, or BRAF genes. Three of the 51 mutant samples harbored double mutations: two PIK3CA mutations coexisted with KRAS or EGFR mutations, and another KRAS mutation coexisted with a PTEN mutation. Among the 110 samples, 47 were surgical specimens, 60 were biopsy specimens, and 3 were cytological specimens; the corresponding mutation frequencies were 51.1%, 41.7%, and 66.7%, respectively (P = 0.532). Compared to Sanger sequencing, Snapshot specificity was 98.4% and sensitivity was 100% (positive predictive value, 97.9%; negative predictive value, 100%). The Snapshot assay is a sensitive and easily customized assay for multigene mutation testing in clinical practice.

Correlation between Pet-CO2 and PaCO2 in morbidly obese patients during anesthesia for laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) and end expiratory tidal partial pressure of CO2 (Pet-CO2) in morbidly obese patients during anesthesia for laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty morbidly obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) between 35 and 50 kg/m(2) underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery under general anesthesia. PaCO2 and Pet-CO2 were measured after intubation and before induction of pneumoperitoneum (T0), at 30 min (T1), 60 min (T2), and 120 min (T3) during pneumoperitoneum, and at 30 min (T4) and 60 min (T5) after deflation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At each time point of measurement, Pet-CO2 was lower than PaCO2 in all the patients. PaCO2 and Pet-CO2 were positively correlated before, during, and after pneumoperitoneum (P<0.05). At a moderate pressure of CO2 pneumoperitoneum (16 mmHg), the level of correlation between PaCO2 and Pet-CO2 at T1, T2, and T3 differed from that before and after post-pneumoperitoneum.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PaCO2 and Pet-CO2 are closely correlated during a moderate CO2 pneumoperitoneum in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery.</p>

Inhaled unfractionated heparin improves abnormalities of alveolar coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation in endotoxemia-induced lung injury rats / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome presents with not only local inflammation, but also pulmonary coagulopathy which is characterized by an alveolar procoagulant response, anticoagulant inhibition, fibrinolytic supression and fibrin deposition. We thus had hypothesized that if aerosolized unfractionated heparin was inhaled into alveolar spaces, it could block the procoagulant tendency, lessen depletion of coagulation factors, and even influence the inflammatory response. We also assessed the effects of different administration regimens of heparin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male Wistar rats were given inhaled heparin starting 30 minutes before (prophylactic heparin) or 2 hours after (therapeutic heparin) intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered at 6-hour intervals; control groups received inhaled normal saline with or without being exposed to LPS. Thrombin-antithrombin complexes, activated protein C, tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activators (t-PA/u-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity, and histology score were measured at three time-points. PAI-1/(t-PA + u-PA) was calculated based on the before-mentioned parameters. Statistical analysis was made using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc test or Student's t test in the case of heterogeneity of variance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>An alveolar procoagulant reaction, depressed fibrinolysis, and inflammatory response occurred in endotoxemia-induced lung injury. Local prophylactic application of heparin attenuated coagulation and early inflammation, promoted fibrinolysis, and reduced the histology score. Therapeutic application of heparin had similar, but weaker effects.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intrapulmonary application of unfractionated heparin by inhalation might inhibit alveolar procoagulant reaction and the early inflammatory response, promote fibrinolysis, and alleviate pulmonary pathology in endotoxemia-induced lung injury rats. Administration of heparin before LPS challenge was more efficacious.</p>

Effect of nitrotyrosine on renal expressions of NF-κB, MCP-1 and TGF-β1 in rats with diabetic nephropathy / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of nitrotyrosine on renal expressions of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat DN models established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) were randomly allocated into model group, nitrotyrosine group and ebselen group, with untreated rats as the normal control group. The rats were given the corresponding drugs for 8 weeks, and after the last administration, the 24-h urinary protein level was measured and the kidneys of the rats were harvested for detecting the protein and mRNA expressions of NF-κB, MCP-1 and TGF-β1 with immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, respectively. The pathological changes of the kidneys were assessed microscopically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those in the model group, the 24-h urinary protein level and expressions of NF-κB, MCP-1 and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein in the renal tissues were significantly increased by nitrotyrosine treatment, which also caused worsened renal pathology, while treatment with ebselen significantly ameliorated these changes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Nitrotyrosine can up-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of NF-κB, MCP-1 and TGF-β1 and aggravate the inflammatory reaction in the renal tissue of DN rats to promote the progression of DN.</p>

The association between chronic periodontitis and hypertension in rural adult Uygur residents / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between chronic periodontitis and hypertension in rural adult Uygur residents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1415 Uygur residents aged 18 and over were selected by random multistage and probability proportional to size from 364 villages in Moyu county of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, all subjects received questionnaire, physical examination and biochemical analysis and oral examination. The subjects were categorized as periodontitis group and no periodontitis group, the periodontitis group was further categorized as mild, moderate and severe periodontitis subgroup. The relationship between chronic periodontitis with hypertension was analyzed by Spearman correlation. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate the influential factors for hypertension.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence rates of chronic periodontitis and hypertension were 66.0% (934/1415) and 33.8% (478/1415), respectively. The prevalence rates of hypertension were 18.7% (90/481), 35.1% (131/373), 32.3% (62/192), 52.8% (195/369) in no periodontitis, mild, moderate and severe periodontitis groups, respectively. Spearman correlation showed an association of chronic periodontitis with hypertension (r(s) = 0.273, P < 0.01). After adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, waist circumference, glycometabolism disorder, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that periodontitis was significantly associated with hypertension (OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.30 - 2.36, P < 0.01). Compared with no periodontitis, mild (OR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.26 - 2.48, P < 0.01) and severe (OR = 2.26, 95%CI: 1.57 - 3.26, P < 0.01) periodontitis were significantly associated with hypertension while moderate periodontitis was not significantly associated with hypertension (OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 0.80 - 1.84, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study showed an independent association of periodontitis with hypertension in this study cohort.</p>

Effects of Shenkangwan on renal expressions of angiotensin II and its type I receptor in rats with early diabetic nephropathy / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Shenkangwan on the expressions of angiotensin II (AngII) and its type I receptor (AT(1)R) and the renalprotection mechanism of Shenkangwan in rats with early diabetic nephropathy (DN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rat models of DN established by a single injection of streptozotocin were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely the model group, Shenkangwan treatment group, irbesartan treatment group, and Shenkangwan and irbesartan treatment group, with normal rats as the control. All the rats received daily gavage for 8 weeks. The urinary protein quality in 24 h and plasma and renal contents of AngII were measured. The expressions of AT1R at the protein and mRNA levels in the kidney tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The pathological changes of the kidney were observed microscopically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In DN rats, Shenkangwan reduced the urinary protein quantity in 24 h and the contents of AngII in the plasma and kidney tissues, decreased the renal expressions of AT(1)R protein and mRNA, and alleviated the morphological damage of the kidney.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Shenkangwan offers renalprotection against DN probably by reducing the contents of AngII in the plasma and kidney tissues and inhibiting renal AT(1)R expressions.</p>

Clinical outcomes of serolimus-eluting stents versus bare metal stents in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients: a meta-analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The benefits and safety of sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) have not been systematically quantified in different trials in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A meta-analysis of randomised trials comparing SES and bare-metal stent (BMS) was performed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A systematic literature search was conducted to identify all randomized clinical trials. The primary outcome was the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). The secondary outcomes included death, recurrent myocardial infarction, recurrent revascularization, and stent thrombosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally, 1973 STEMI patients were enrolled in seven eligible randomized trials comparing SES with BMS. The pooled rate of major adverse cardiac events was significantly lower in the SES group than in the BMS group (9.7% vs 20.3%, OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.88-3.19, P < 0.00001). No significant difference in all causes of death was found between the SES and BMS groups, as well as in the pooled recurrent myocardial infarction rates. The pooled recurrent revascularization rate was significantly lower in the SES group than in the BMS group (5.1% vs 14.8%, OR 3.30, 95% CI 2.37-4.60, P < 0.00001). No significant difference was found between the pooled rates of stent thrombosis (1.2% in the SES group and 2.0% in the BMS group, OR 1.61, 95% CI 0.79-3.26, P = 0.19).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SES is associated with a decreased risk of major adverse cardiac events compared with BMS by the greater reduction in repeat revascularization in STEMI patients. Larger trials with longer follow up are warranted to better define the role of SES in STEMI.</p>

Effects of angiotensin II receptor antagonist on rat podocyte injury in early diabetic nephropathy / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate nephrin and desmin expression in rat podocytes in early diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the rale of angiotensin II receptor antagonist in renal protection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat models of DN established by a injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) were randomized into model group and irbesartan group, with rats without STZ injection as the normal control group. The rats in irbesartan group were subjected to daily intragastric irbesartan administration for 8 consecutive weeks, while those in the model group received only saline in the same manner. Upon completion of the treatment, the rats were sacrificed and pathological changes of the kidney were examined with optical and transmission electron microscope. Nephrin and desmin expressions in the podocytes were detected by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In rats with DN, irbesartan administration alleviated podocyte injury and significantly lowered the expression of nephrin and desmin (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Angiotensin II receptor antagonist may offer renal protection against DN by alleviating structural and functional podocyte damage through decreasing nephrin expression in the podocytes.</p>

Treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer with paraplatin given by two different dosage calculation methods / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the reasonable dosage for paraplatin according to different dosage calculations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective, randomized, single-blinded study on 54 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with paraplatin was conducted. Patients were divided to 2 groups. In group A, paraplatin dosage was calculated according to patients' body surface, and in group B, it was calculated according to the area under the curve (AUS). Hematological toxicity, response rate and survival rate in the two groups of patients were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Neutropenia in group A and group B was seen in 77.8% and 37.0% (P < 0.05), and thrombocytopenia in 18.5% and 3.7% (P > 0.05) of patients, respectively. Hemoglobin decrease was seen in 48.2% of patients in both groups. The average quantity of paraplatin given in one cycle of treatment was 535.93 +/- 106.71 mg and 398.52 +/- 71.72 mg (P < 0.01) respectively. The average time interval between treatment cycles was 27.04 +/- 5.30 d and 22.85 +/- 2.80 d (P < 0.05). The response rate and survival rate of patients in group A and B were 22.2% versus 48.2% (P < 0.05), and 40.7% versus 44.4% (P > 0.05) respectively, but the median survival time was identical (12 months) in the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NSCLC patients given paraplatin with dosages calculated on the basis of AUC have higher response rate and less severe hematological toxicity than those given paraplatin with dosages on the basis of body surface. However, the median survival time and survival rate have no statistical differences between the two groups of patients.</p>

Expressions of E-cadherin in non-small cell lung cancer and it correlation with prognosis / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was to clarify E-cadherin expressions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its correlation with patients' prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing specimens from 365 different NSCLC were constructed, covering all stages and almost all histological types of this disease. Slides were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against E-cadherin. Expression pattern of the protein was analyzed with relation to the clinicopathological. Correlations of the results with patients' overall survival were also examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Immunohistochemical staining revealed that E-cadherin protein was localized mainly on membranes and the cytoplasm of NSCLC tumors cells. Reduced E-cadherin expression was evident in 32.1%. Reduced E-cadherin expression significantly correlated with lymph nodes metastasis (chi(2) = 16.430, P = 0.001), histological dedifferentiation (chi(2) = 9.243, P = 0.010) and advanced clinical stage (chi(2) = 9.421, P = 0.024). There was no significant difference in E-cadherin expression between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. E-cadherin reduced expression correlated with a poor prognosis (P < 0.0001) in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed a significantly lower survival probability for patients with reduced E-cadherin (P < 0.001), and E-cadherin was an independent prognostic factor for survival of NSCLC patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It suggests that dysfunction of E-cadherin has an important impact in the progression of lung cancer. As an independent prognostic factor, expression of E-cadherin can predict outcome of different group, together with conventional prognostic factors, and subsequently make appropriate management.</p>

Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains isolated in Shandong Province, China by immunofluorescence and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses.

In order to identify the characteristics of the Sta56 gene of the 23 isolates of Orientia (O.) tsutsugamushi isolated in Shandong Province, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to identify the gene type of 23 strains O. tsutsugamushi isolated from scrub typhus patients, chigger mites, and rodents. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was also used to analyze the restriction profiles of the Sta56 gene PCR amplification products of the 23 isolated strains of the O. tsutsugamushi; the results were compared with those acquired by nested PCR. By IFA, 21 of the 23 isolates belonged to the Gilliam type, and 2 to the Karp type. Using RFLP analysis, 21 strains had similar restriction profiles to the Japan Kawasaki strain, but they had no restriction site Hha I, and thus had some difference in gene sequence compared with the Japan Kawasaki strain. The other 2 strains had similar restriction profiles to Karp. These results were identical to that acquired by nested-PCR. In Shandong Province, the gene types of epidemic O. tsutsugamushi strains were similar to the Japan Kawasaki type, but had some differences in gene sequence. In addition, Karp also existed.

Childhood and adolescent thyroid carcinoma: a clinical analysis of 86 cases / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinico-pathologic characteristics, treatment and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma in childhood and adolescents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 1984 to 1997, 86 cases with thyroid carcinoma in childhood and adolescent treated were summarized.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All cases underwent operation with adjuvant therapy. Pathologically, papillary carcinoma was diagnosed in 73 (84.9%), follicular carcinoma in 6 (7%), papillary-follicular carcinoma in 4 (4.7%) and medullary carcinoma in 3 (3.5%). Cervical lymph node metastasis was found in 59 cases (68.6%), 16 of which with both thyroid carcinoma and bilateral cervical lymph node metastasis (27.1%). Lung metastasis was found in 11 cases. Recurrence occurred in 6 cases after operation. Compared with the thyroid carcinoma in adult patients, cervical lymph node metastasis, bilateral involvement of the thyroid gland with bilateral cervical nodes and lung metastasis rate were more commonly seen in childhood and adolescence. All but 2 patients had been followed up for more than 5 years, 41 patients for more than 10 years. The 5-year and 10-year survival rate was 95.3% (82/86) and 87.8% (36/41), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical manifestations of childhood and adolescent thyroid cancer are generally not pathognostic which may lead to misdiagnosis. Surgery is the main method in the comprehensive treatment with a good prognosis. The therapy with (131)I after operation was beneficial for some patients accompanied with lung metastasis.</p>

Effect of estrogen receptor ? knocked down by RNA interference on osteoprotegerin expression in estrogeninduced human osteoblast-like cells / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

After estrogen receptor?(ER?)in MC,63 cell was knocked down by RNA interference, expression of osteoprotegerin(OPG)induced by 17?-estradiol was assayed by RT-PCR.17?-estradiol with various concentration obviously upregulated the expression of OPG mRNA of MG63 cell with the maxima]effect at the concentration 10~(-7)mol/L,which was not inhibited by suramin(G protein inhibitor).The present result suggested that ER?was not involved in regulation of OPG mRNA expression in MC,63 cell by 17?-estradiol.