ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE： To study the antimicrobial activity of ampelopsin combined with 8 kinds of antibiotic against Pseudomonas aeruginosa （PA） in vitro. METHODS： Chessboard trace dilution method was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） of ampelopsin combined with ceftriaxone， cefoperazone/sulbactam， piperacillin/tazobactam， cefoperazone， ciprofloxacin， amikacin， piperacillin and cefepime to PA strain ATCC27853 and 7 isolated strains PA135， PA216， PA276， PA281， PA291， PA314 and PA319. Fractional inhibitory concentration index （FICI） was used to evaluate its effects of drug combination. Clinically isolated strain PA319 were taken as target strain and then divided into normal control group， ampelopsin alone group， antibiotics alone group and ampelopsin+antibiotic combination group. Using MIC of ampelopsin and antibiotics during drug combination as active concentration， the number of colonies cultured for 0， 4， 8， 12 and 24 h was counted， and the time-sterilization curve was drawn. RESULTS： For above 8 kinds of strains， MIC of ampelopsin alone was 128-256 mg/L； FICI of ampelopsin combined with ceftriaxone， cefoperazone/sulbactam， piperacillin/tazobactam， cefoperazone， ciprofloxacin， amikacin， piperacillin and cefepime to 8， 8， 7， 6， 4， 4， 6 and 6 strains were equal to or lower than 1， respectively. In time-antibacterial curve， compared with antibiotics alone， the number of colonies decreased by 2.65， 2.30， 0.42， 0.47， 0.53， 1.19， 1.74， 1.04 lgCFU/mL respectively after ampelopsin combined with ceftriaxone， cefperazone/sulbactam， piperacillin/tazobactam， cefoperazone， ciprofloxacin， amikacin， piperacillin and cefepime. CONCLUSIONS： Ampelopsin combined with ceftriaxone and cefoperazone/sulbactam show better antibacterial effect on PA.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the impact of experimental stress on serum glucose , insulin, glucagon, cortisol, and ep-inephrine in diabetic rats and its intervention with insulin and fluoxetine .Methods Type 2 diabetic rats model was induced by feeding with high sugar and high fat diet , and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ).The rats were divided into normal group , dia-betic control group , diabetic treated with insulin , and diabetic treated with fluoxetine .All the rats were exposed to multiple stressors (forced swimming, cold stimulation, rotation, restrain, and crowding) for 8 weeks.The rat blood sera collected from each group were analyzed with multiple parameters including glucose , insulin, glucagon, cortisol, and epinephrine at the 4th and 8th week.Results After experimental stress, the levels of glucose [(16.7 ±3.5)mmol/L vs (5.1 ±1.1)mmol/L, t =13.9, P <0.01], glucagon [(158.5 ±50.2)ng/L vs (120.8 ±38.7)ng/L, t =2.5, P <0.05], epinephrine [(203.8 ±48.6)pg/ml vs (158.7 ±42.6)pg/ml, t =2.9, P <0.01], cortisol [(21.3 ±4.8)ng/ml vs (18.2 ±3.8)ng/ml, t =2.1, P <0.05], and HOMA-IR (10.9 ±2.6 vs 3.3 ±0.8 , t =12.3 , P <0.01 ) of diabetic rats were significantly increased .The glucose level [ ( 9.7 ±2.1 ) mmol/L vs ( 16.7 ± 3.5)mmol/L, t =7.0, P <0.01] was significantly improved after treated with insulin .The levels of epinephrine [(158.8 ±37.5 ) pg/ml vs (203.8 ±48.6)pg/ml, t =3.0, P <0.01], and cortisol [(15.7 ±4.2)ng/ml vs (21.3 ±4.8)ng/ml, t =3.5, P <0.01 ] were significantly improved after treated with fluoxetine .Conclusions Experimental stress increased the levels of glucose , en-docrine hormone , and insulin resistance of diabetic rats .Treatment with insulin improved the glucose level and treatment of fluoxetine improved the endocrine hormone level .