ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE： To explore the component， target and pathway of Panax notoginseng for coronary heart disease （CHD） and its potential molecular mechanism. METHODS： Based on network pharmacology， active components of P. notoginseng were retrieved with TCMSP platform. The targets of P. notoginseng for CHD were screened by using DRAR-CPI server， GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. Cytoscape 3.6.0 software was used to form the effective components-CHD targets network of P. notoginseng. String database was used to draw target interaction network. Network Analyzer tool was used to calculate target connectivity， and potential core targets were screened. Molecular docking between the core targets and the effective components of P. notoginseng was performed by Systems Dock Web Site server. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and gene ontology （GO） enrichment analysis were also carried out to explore the important signal pathway and molecular function of P. notoginseng for CHD. “Effective component-target-signal pathway”network of important signal pathway were constructed. RESULTS： Five effective components （stigmasterol， β-sitosterol， ginsenoside rh2， quercetin， notoginsenoside r1） were screened from P. notoginseng for CHD， which acted on 96 targets and had 134 functional relationships. Five core targets were protein kinase B （AKT）， interleukin 6 （IL-6）， vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGFA）， c-JUN protein （c-JUN） and heparin binding epidermal growth factor （HB-EGF）， which played an important role in the treatment of CHD by altering protein binding and regulating signaling pathways as phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-protein/kinase B （PI3K/AKT）， hypoxia-inducible factor-1 （HIF-1） and mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）. CONCLUSIONS： P. notoginseng in the treatment of CHD is not only play a variety of effects through the role of multiple targets， but also produce complex network regulation effect through the interaction between targets.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the role played by acute glucagon response in the short-term intensive insulin therapy induced long-term remission of newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes.MethodsTen newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients( 7 males,3 females) received intensive continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion( CSII )therapy for 2 weeks.Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and hyperinsulinemia euglycemia clamp test were performed before and after CSII.Glucose infusion rate ( GIR ),acute insulin response ( AIR ) and acute glucagon response (AGR) were assessed.Long-term remission was defined as good glycaemic control without any hypoglycaemic agent (fasting plasma glucose ＜ 7.0 mmol/L 及 2 h postprandial glucose ＜ 10 mmol/L) one year after CSII.Relationship between AGR and long-term remission were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Spearman correlation analysis.Results ( 1 ) Five of the ten patients achieved long-term remission in this study.GIR and AIR in the remission group were increased significantly after CSII compared with those before CSII [ GIR ( 5.39 ± 1.76 vs 2.02 ± 0.83 )mg · kg-1 ·min-1,AIR ( mean 54.1 vs mean 3.39 ) mU · L-1 · min,P＜0.01 respectively ],however both of them were not associated with the remission.(2) AGR in the remission group was significantly higher than that in the non-remission group before CSII ( 5.10±0.60 vs 2.85 ± 1.86,P＜0.05 ) and was decreased significantly after CSII.The mean of AGR after CSII was apparently lower in the remission group than that in non-remission group (0 vs 3.04±2.00,P＜0.01 ).(3)Spearman analysis showed that AGR before CSII and its range of reduction after CSII were correlated with remission ( r for both were 0.731,P=0.016).ConclusionHigher level of AGR before CSII and greater reduction after CSII in the subjects with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes were significantly associated with long-term remission,suggesting that pancreatic α cells may play a unique role in the induction of remission of type 2 diabetes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the impacts of short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy on insulin secretion and sensitivity in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Methods Ten patients(7 males, 3 females) with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes accepted a 2-week course of intensive CSII therapy during June 2006 and February 2007. Hyperinsulinemia euglycemia clamp test and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were performed before and after CSII. Results (1) None of the patients had acute insulin response (AIR) before CSII treatment, and most of them had a partial restoration after 2-week intensive therapy. The AIR after CSII was significantly increased [(7.63±4.73 vs 0.83±1.96)mU/L, P＜0.01]. The patients whose AIR restored better tend to be younger and obeser. (2) The glucose infusion rate (GIR) before CSII in the newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients was significantly lower than that in healthy controls [(2.30±0.81 vs after 2-week CSII therapy (P＜0.01). The patients whose GIR increased greatly had significantly lower waist circumferences and body mass index, and higher basal blood glucose levels. Conclusion Normalization of blood glucose levels by transient intensive CSII therapy improves pancreas β-cell function and insulin sensitivity, which seems to contribute to the long-term diabetic remission.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its relevant factors.Methods Using two diagnostic criteria set by World Health Organization and Carpenter/Coustan respectively, clinical data of 945 pregnant women who underwent glucose challenge test (GCT) in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing during the past year were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of 945 pregnant women, 338 (35.8%) had 1 h serum glucose level equal to or greater than 7.8 mmol/L(140 mg/dl).Of these 338 women with positive GCT, 228 underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 102 (44.7%) of 228 were diagnosed as GDM. Women with GDM diagnosed according to either criteria had older age, higher body mass index(BMI) before pregnancy, more weight gain during the first 15 weeks of gestation, higher fasting blood glucose in early pregnancy and higher proportion of those with history of diabetes in their first-degree relatives than those with negative GCT. OGTT for pregnant women at about 30 weeks of gestation showed that insulin sensitivity decreased significantly in those with GDM compared with that in those with normal glucose tolerance, and the peak of insulin secretion delayed significantly in women with GDM.Logistic regression analysis showed that older age, higher BMI before pregnancy, more weight gain in early pregnancy and higher fasting blood glucose in early pregnancy were all independently associated with increased incidence of GDM.Conclusions Older age, higher BMI before pregnancy,more weight gain in early pregnancy,higher fasting blood glucose in early pregnancy,higher proportion of those with history of diabetes in their first-degree relatives and more severe insulin resistance were found in pregnant women with GDM than in those without GDM. It is suggested that those pregnant women with risk factors of GDM should be screened by fasting blood glucose in early pregnancy in order to be diagnosed and treated earlier.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the rationale of lowering the cutoff value of normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) by studying the cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with different FPG levels and different glucose tolerance states. Methods A population-based survey of diabetes was undertaken in 1994, data from 15564 Chinese adults (age≥25) who adopted 75 g-oral glucose tolerance test were analyzed. Results (1) The frequencies of BMI≥25 kg/m 2 , hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic syndrome were increasing with graded FPG levels at a 0.56 mmol/L interval. FPG at 5.0-5.6 mmol/L level overweight frequency elevated significantly (P=0.001), and FPG at 5.6-6.1 mmol/L level the metabolic syndrome and other components also elevated (P
ABSTRACT
65 years and 55~65 years respectively,whereas the frequency of IFG in each age group was close,which was more than IGT in the age group of 25~34 years only.The differences of many clinical indexs among 3 groups were significant.The change tendecny of indexs in IFG/IGT group was more obvious.Conclusion The onset characteristics of age and sex are significantly different between IFG and IGT groups,and the latter is more strongly associated with cardiovascular risk factors than the former.Undoubtedly,IFG/IGT group has the highest cardiovascular risk factors.
ABSTRACT
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of insulin aspart(IASP)and human soluble insulin(HSI)among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods After completing a 2-week run-in period,42 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to treatment with IASP or HSI for 4 weeks in a open-label,randomized,parallel-group study.The postprandial plasma glucose levels and safety profiles were compared.Results After 4 weeks of treatment,the mean change of the 1-hour postprandial plasma glucose level from baseline was significantly greater in IASP group than in HSI group[(2.1?2.0)mmol/L vs(0.9?1.9)mmol/L,P
ABSTRACT
Objective To clarify which component plays a pivotal role in metabolic syndrome (MS) which is associated with an elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 15564 participants (aged≥25 years old) with high risk for type 2 diabetes in the 1994 National Diabetes Mellitus Surveywere included in this analysis. MS was diagnosed according to the 1999 WHO criteria, and insulin resistance (IR) was defined as being above the 75th percentile of HOMA-IR of the population aged 25-74 years with normal glucose tolerance. Multiple logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the contribution of each component to MS. Results The unadjusted and age-adjusted prevalences of MS in this population was 64.35% and 59.00%, respectively. Age, sex, systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), waist to hip ratio (WHR)/waist circumference and body mass index(BMI), but not IR, plasma glucose level, and plasma triglyceride level, were independently associated with MS, with predicted concordance of 93.8%. The combination of WHR, BMI, SBP, and DBP accounted for 90.2% of the variance of MS, and if BMI was deleted, the remaining three items accounted for 86.1% of the variance. An increment of 0.05 in WHR, or 5 cm in waist circumference, or 10 mm Hg in SBP, or 5 mm Hg in DBP, or 5 kg/m 2in BMI would elevate the risk for MS by 3.35 times, 1.87 times, 1.52 times, 1.46 times, or 1.34 times, respectively. Conclusion The combination of WHR/waist circumference and blood pressure can be used as a simplepredictor for MS in clinical practice.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration(FNA) for thyroid nodules.Methods The cytological and histological results of 74 patients who had undergone FNAs for thyroid nodules,followed by thyroidectomy,were compared to evaluate the accuracy of cytological diagnosis of thyroid FNA and analyze the common causes of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis in thyroid cytopathology.Results Benign lesions were histologically diagnosed in 48 patients(65%),malignant tumors in 22 cases(30%) and benign tumors in 4 cases(5%).Cytological diagnosis of benign and malignancy was confirmed histolopathologically in 96% and 94%,respectively.Fifteen discrepant cases came mainly from the group of FNA diagnosis of follicular neoplasm,and the discrepancies resulted mainly from cytodiagnostic errors and overlapping cytological features between adenomatoid nodule and follicular neoplasm.Conclusion Despite some limitations,thyroid fine-needle aspiration is a reliable diagnostic method of assessing thyroid nodular disease,especially in differentiation of benign lesion and malignant lesion.