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Asthma is one of the most common diseases in childhood which is characterized by chronic airway inflammation.With the increasing incidence, the impact of asthma on children′s quality of life, family income and society economy becomes more and more nonnegligible, and people now pay more attention on the effective treatment of asthma.The aim of asthma treatment is to achieve symptom control and improve prognosis.In order to achieve this aim, the effective managemant of asthma is particularly important.The effective management includes monitoring quality of life, using of spirometry and asthma medications.This review discusses the management of children asthma.
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Objective To investigate the characteristic and the value of renal solid lesions' boundary at contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS). Methods The study included 225 patients (124 males, 101 females) with renal 239 solid lesions [133 renal cell carcinoma(RCC) and 106 benign lesions]. The enhanced mode of lesion boundary at CEUS was observed. The histopathologic pseudocapsule of RCCs was analysed.Results Enhanced modes of all lesions' boundary at CEUS were classified as: type Ⅰ , iso-enhanced boundry in whole phase, 82.85 % (198 of 239) ;type Ⅱ , a perilesional annular highly-enhanced signal at early phase,4.18% (10 of 239);type Ⅲ ,perilesional annular highly-enhanced signal in whole phase,9.62% (23 of 239) ;type Ⅳ, perilesional annular highly-enhanced signal in midium and late phase, 1.25 % (3 of 239) ;type Ⅴ ,iso-enhanced boundry in the mdium and late phase with no enhancment at early phase, 2. 09% (5 of 239). The distribution of types Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ between groups were significant different( P=0.000, 0.046,0. 000), the type Ⅳ and Ⅴ was not ( P = 0.256,0.068). The distribution of perilesional annular highlyenhanced signal between benign and RCC groups was statistically different (x2=29. 681, P=0.000).Regared it as a diagnostic criteria of RCC,the sensitivity was 26.32% (35/133) ,the specificity was 99.06%(105/106) ,the positive predictive value was 97.22% (35/36),the negative predictive value was 51.72%(105/203) ,and the accuracy was 58.58% (140/239). The perilesional annular highly-enhanced signal was not correlated with the pseudocapsule in pathology ( P = 1. 000). Conclusions The boundary enhancement mode of renal solid lesions at CEUS was divided into five types. The perilesional annular highly-enhanced signal was important in diagnosis of RCC,which was not correlated with the pseudocapsule in pathology.
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Objective To investigate the clinicopathogenical significance of phosphorylation type of c-jun N-terminal kinase(p-JNK)and muhidmg resistance protein P-glycopretein(P-gP),multidrug resistance proteinl(MRP1)and lung resistance protein(LRP)in gastric cancer. Methods The expression of p-JNK,P-gP,MRP1 and LRP was detected in a tissue microarray containing 168 spots of gastric cancer tissue and 27 spots of normal gastric tissue by immunohistochemistry.Results The positive expression rate of p-JNK,P-gp,MRP1 and LRP in gastric cancer wag 45.8%,51.8%,45.8%and 55.4%respectively,which Was significantly higher than that in normal gastric tissue(P＜0.05).The p-JNK expression correlated with depth of invasion(P＜0.01),histology grade(P＜0.05),vessel invasion (P＜0.01),lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis(P＜0.01).The expression of p-JNK,P-gp and MRP1 in a positive relationship(P＜0.05).Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant impact on survival by p-JNK,P-gp and MRPl(P＜0.05). Conclusion The p-JNK expression in gastric cancer is correlated with malignant biological behavior and may be involved in the chemotherapeutic resistance by upregulating the expression of P-g[ and MRP1.
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Objective To study the clinical features of thyroid carcinoma and to explore the approach of early diagnosis for the disease.Methods The data of patients with thyroid carcinoma confirmed by pathology during January of 1999 to January of 2005 in the First Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University were retrospectively reviewed,including clinical appearance,thyroid ultrasonography and radioisotope scanning.Results One hundred and twenty-seven consecutive patients,30 males and 97 females,mean age(48.9?13.6)years,were diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma by surgery and pathology.A total of 127 cases of thyroid carcinoma were included,which were 105 papillary thyroid carcinomas,14 follicular thyroid carcinomas,2 undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas and 6 medullary thyroid carcinomas.Thyroid ultrasonography findings showed the majority(85.1%)thyroid nodules were low echo nodules and the proportions of solid and mixed nodules were 81.8%and 17.4%,respectively.The proportion of cold nodules was 88.9% by radioisotope scanning.Mean values of serum triiodothyronine,thyroxine and thyrotropin were all within the normal range.Conclusion In the present study the thyroid carcinomas are predominant in females and the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinomas is very high.The diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma can not just depend on findings of ultrasonography,radioisotope scanning and serum thyroid hormone.
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Objective To investigate the expressions, clinical pathological features and prognostic significance of HIF-1?, JNK1 and multidrug resistance proteins: P-gp, MRP1 and LRP in human gastric carcinoma. Methods The tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemical EnVision method were used to detect HIF-1?, JNK1, P-gp, MRP1 and LRP proteins in 135 specimens of gastric carcinoma and 27 gastric mucosa tissues. Results In gastric carcinoma, the positive expression rate of HIF-1?, JNK1, P-gp, MRP1and LRP was higher than that in gastric mucosa tissues (P